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<p>Allyl-functionalized biochar-based hydrogels were successfully synthesized via graft copolymerization with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane-sulfonic acid (AMPS) using <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and potassium persulfate as an initiator. The influence of AMPS content on the structural characteristics and Cr(VI) adsorption performance of the resulting composites (ALL1–ALL3) was systematically investigated. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed successful functionalization and crosslinking, while scanning electron microscopy revealed a highly porous network with pore sizes increasing from 1.46 to 64.03&#xa0;μm as AMPS content increased. Correspondingly, the surface area significantly increased from 5.5 × 10⁶ to 1.79 × 10⁸ µm². Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that the adsorption efficiency strongly depends on the hydrogel composition, with ALL1 achieving the highest Cr(VI) removal efficiency (69.65%), followed by ALL2 (67.71%) and ALL3 (56.09%). Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption process follows predominantly pseudo-first-order behavior for ALL2 and ALL3, suggesting chemisorption as the dominant mechanism, while ALL1 exhibited contributions from both physical and chemical adsorption. The enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of increased functional groups, improved porosity, and surface area. These findings demonstrate that allyl-functionalized biochar hydrogels represent a promising, low-cost, and tunable adsorbent for efficient removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous systems.</p>

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Preparation of poly diallyldimethylammonium chloride/biochar hydrogels for Cr(VI) adsorption from water

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月19日

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  • Hebat-Allah S. Tohamy,
  • Samir Kamel,
  • Mohamed El-Sakhawy

摘要

Allyl-functionalized biochar-based hydrogels were successfully synthesized via graft copolymerization with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane-sulfonic acid (AMPS) using N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and potassium persulfate as an initiator. The influence of AMPS content on the structural characteristics and Cr(VI) adsorption performance of the resulting composites (ALL1–ALL3) was systematically investigated. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed successful functionalization and crosslinking, while scanning electron microscopy revealed a highly porous network with pore sizes increasing from 1.46 to 64.03 μm as AMPS content increased. Correspondingly, the surface area significantly increased from 5.5 × 10⁶ to 1.79 × 10⁸ µm². Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that the adsorption efficiency strongly depends on the hydrogel composition, with ALL1 achieving the highest Cr(VI) removal efficiency (69.65%), followed by ALL2 (67.71%) and ALL3 (56.09%). Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption process follows predominantly pseudo-first-order behavior for ALL2 and ALL3, suggesting chemisorption as the dominant mechanism, while ALL1 exhibited contributions from both physical and chemical adsorption. The enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of increased functional groups, improved porosity, and surface area. These findings demonstrate that allyl-functionalized biochar hydrogels represent a promising, low-cost, and tunable adsorbent for efficient removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous systems.