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<p>Process intensification based on millichannel reactors offer energy efficiency, operational robustness and scalability advantages over conventional microreactors. In this study, the effects of nanofluid over two different reactor geometries on liquid–liquid flow for mass transfer applications have been systematically investigated using a model system, toluene–acetic acid–water. Three different aqueous-phase nanofluids based on (i) metallic nanoparticles (Ni NP) of 60&#xa0;nm particle size, (ii) metalloid oxide nanoparticles (SiO<sub>2</sub> NP) of 22&#xa0;nm particle size, and (iii) carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) of 80&#xa0;nm particle size have been synthesized to enhance interfacial transport. Further, to elucidate the effect of reactor geometry on mass transfer, a comparative study was conducted using both a straight tube and a coiled flow inverter (CFI) reactor at a constant inlet toluene velocity while varying the aqueous-phase velocity. The results reveal that nanofluid in CFI geometry significantly improve the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kₒᵥₐ). Among the tested systems, SiO<sub>2</sub> nanofluids in the CFI configuration delivered the highest enhancement, achieving up to a threefold increase compared to straight tubes. Flow mapping analysis resolves that nanoparticle-assisted CFIs promote stable slug flow, leading to enhanced interfacial renewal and reduced mass transfer resistance leading to energy sustainability. The observed enhancements arise from the increased interfacial area resulting from the dispersion of nanoparticles, along with enhanced mixing induced by geometry-driven secondary flows. This study demonstrates that nanofluid-assisted coiled flow inverters represent a promising and scalable platform for process intensification for separation processes.</p>

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Nanofluid-directed mass transfer intensification in a coiled flow inverter: hydrodynamic–interfacial synergy in a liquid–liquid system

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月16日

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  • Pravesh Narain Singh,
  • Anikesh Tripathi,
  • Aditya Kashyap,
  • Swapna Patel,
  • Debashis Panda,
  • Koushik Guha Biswas

摘要

Process intensification based on millichannel reactors offer energy efficiency, operational robustness and scalability advantages over conventional microreactors. In this study, the effects of nanofluid over two different reactor geometries on liquid–liquid flow for mass transfer applications have been systematically investigated using a model system, toluene–acetic acid–water. Three different aqueous-phase nanofluids based on (i) metallic nanoparticles (Ni NP) of 60 nm particle size, (ii) metalloid oxide nanoparticles (SiO2 NP) of 22 nm particle size, and (iii) carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) of 80 nm particle size have been synthesized to enhance interfacial transport. Further, to elucidate the effect of reactor geometry on mass transfer, a comparative study was conducted using both a straight tube and a coiled flow inverter (CFI) reactor at a constant inlet toluene velocity while varying the aqueous-phase velocity. The results reveal that nanofluid in CFI geometry significantly improve the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kₒᵥₐ). Among the tested systems, SiO2 nanofluids in the CFI configuration delivered the highest enhancement, achieving up to a threefold increase compared to straight tubes. Flow mapping analysis resolves that nanoparticle-assisted CFIs promote stable slug flow, leading to enhanced interfacial renewal and reduced mass transfer resistance leading to energy sustainability. The observed enhancements arise from the increased interfacial area resulting from the dispersion of nanoparticles, along with enhanced mixing induced by geometry-driven secondary flows. This study demonstrates that nanofluid-assisted coiled flow inverters represent a promising and scalable platform for process intensification for separation processes.