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<p>A bifunctional Fe-modified titanium metal–organic framework, MIL-125(Ti)@Fe, was rationally designed to integrate adsorption preconcentration and photo-Fenton degradation for efficient removal of anionic azo dyes from textile wastewater. Structural characterization confirmed that low-level Fe incorporation preserves the MIL-125(Ti) framework while narrowing the band gap from 3.20 to 2.28&#xa0;eV, thereby extending light absorption into the visible region. Compared with pristine MIL-125(Ti), MIL-125(Ti)@Fe exhibited substantially enhanced adsorption capacities toward CI Direct Blue 1 and CI Direct Yellow 4, as well as near-complete degradation of the residual dye after adsorption equilibrium under UV/visible irradiation in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Kinetic analysis revealed pseudo-first-order degradation behavior with thermally assisted reaction rates. The synergistic enhancement arises from adsorption preconcentration coupled with Fe-assisted H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> activation, as supported by radical trapping experiments showing an •OH-dominated degradation pathway. Potential interfacial electron-transfer effects are discussed as a plausible contribution rather than as directly confirmed charge-separation evidence. The catalyst retained over 90% of its activity after five consecutive cycles, demonstrating excellent structural robustness. This work establishes a design principle for Fe-assisted Ti-MOF platforms that couple adsorption and photo-Fenton catalysis, offering a sustainable and reusable strategy for advanced wastewater treatment. Unlike conventional Fe oxide-loaded MOFs or photocatalysis-focused Ti-MOF systems, the present low-level Fe-modified MIL-125(Ti) couples high adsorption capacity, •OH-dominated photo-Fenton degradation, low Fe leaching, and stable recyclability within a single framework-preserved material.</p>

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MIL-125(Ti)@Fe metal–organic framework as a dual-functional catalyst for adsorption and Fenton-like photodegradation of azo dyes in textile effluents

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月24日

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  • Felycia Edi Soetaredjo,
  • Suryadi Ismadji,
  • Shella Permatasari Santoso,
  • Jessica Chrisanta Soegianto,
  • Jindrayani Nyoo Putro,
  • Darwin Kurniawan,
  • Michael Suryananda Ismadji,
  • Alfin Kurniawan,
  • Jenyfer Sugianto

摘要

A bifunctional Fe-modified titanium metal–organic framework, MIL-125(Ti)@Fe, was rationally designed to integrate adsorption preconcentration and photo-Fenton degradation for efficient removal of anionic azo dyes from textile wastewater. Structural characterization confirmed that low-level Fe incorporation preserves the MIL-125(Ti) framework while narrowing the band gap from 3.20 to 2.28 eV, thereby extending light absorption into the visible region. Compared with pristine MIL-125(Ti), MIL-125(Ti)@Fe exhibited substantially enhanced adsorption capacities toward CI Direct Blue 1 and CI Direct Yellow 4, as well as near-complete degradation of the residual dye after adsorption equilibrium under UV/visible irradiation in the presence of H2O2. Kinetic analysis revealed pseudo-first-order degradation behavior with thermally assisted reaction rates. The synergistic enhancement arises from adsorption preconcentration coupled with Fe-assisted H2O2 activation, as supported by radical trapping experiments showing an •OH-dominated degradation pathway. Potential interfacial electron-transfer effects are discussed as a plausible contribution rather than as directly confirmed charge-separation evidence. The catalyst retained over 90% of its activity after five consecutive cycles, demonstrating excellent structural robustness. This work establishes a design principle for Fe-assisted Ti-MOF platforms that couple adsorption and photo-Fenton catalysis, offering a sustainable and reusable strategy for advanced wastewater treatment. Unlike conventional Fe oxide-loaded MOFs or photocatalysis-focused Ti-MOF systems, the present low-level Fe-modified MIL-125(Ti) couples high adsorption capacity, •OH-dominated photo-Fenton degradation, low Fe leaching, and stable recyclability within a single framework-preserved material.