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<p>This study presents a novel and sustainable Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)-based hybrid composite reinforced with natural microfibers and silane-treated biocarbon and nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles, enabling simultaneous enhancement of mechanical, dielectric, and EMI shielding properties. The synergy between biofibers and functional fillers offers a lightweight and eco-friendly alternative for applications in electronic packaging and electromagnetic interference shielding. The results show significant improvements in mechanical performance, with the optimum composite (L4) exhibiting a tensile strength of 72&#xa0;MPa, tear strength of 46 kN/m, and hardness of 52 Shore D, while elongation decreases to 115% due to increased stiffness. Optical macroscope analysis confirms uniform filler dispersion in L4, whereas higher loading (L5) leads to agglomeration. Dielectric properties also improve notably, with L5 showing the highest dielectric constant (8.40) and loss (0.065) in the E band due to enhanced interfacial and dipolar polarization. Similarly, Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness increases significantly, with L5 achieving a maximum total shielding effectiveness of 32.2 dB, dominated by absorption (25.0 dB) compared to reflection (7.2 dB). Overall, the developed hybrid composites demonstrate a strong correlation between filler incorporation and multifunctional performance, with L4 providing the best balance of mechanical properties and L5 exhibiting superior dielectric and EMI shielding behavior, making them suitable for advanced multifunctional and sustainable material applications.</p>

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EMI shielding and mechanical performance of NiO nanoparticle and biomass biocarbon reinforced makana fiber/PVA hybrid composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • S. Lakshmana Kumar,
  • Amutha Jeevakumari S A,
  • C. M. Vigneswaran,
  • G Arul Jothi

摘要

This study presents a novel and sustainable Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)-based hybrid composite reinforced with natural microfibers and silane-treated biocarbon and nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles, enabling simultaneous enhancement of mechanical, dielectric, and EMI shielding properties. The synergy between biofibers and functional fillers offers a lightweight and eco-friendly alternative for applications in electronic packaging and electromagnetic interference shielding. The results show significant improvements in mechanical performance, with the optimum composite (L4) exhibiting a tensile strength of 72 MPa, tear strength of 46 kN/m, and hardness of 52 Shore D, while elongation decreases to 115% due to increased stiffness. Optical macroscope analysis confirms uniform filler dispersion in L4, whereas higher loading (L5) leads to agglomeration. Dielectric properties also improve notably, with L5 showing the highest dielectric constant (8.40) and loss (0.065) in the E band due to enhanced interfacial and dipolar polarization. Similarly, Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness increases significantly, with L5 achieving a maximum total shielding effectiveness of 32.2 dB, dominated by absorption (25.0 dB) compared to reflection (7.2 dB). Overall, the developed hybrid composites demonstrate a strong correlation between filler incorporation and multifunctional performance, with L4 providing the best balance of mechanical properties and L5 exhibiting superior dielectric and EMI shielding behavior, making them suitable for advanced multifunctional and sustainable material applications.