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<p>The novelty of the study lies in the comparative analysis of alkali oxides and their corresponding fluoride counterparts as modifiers within a glass system. The melt quenching technique was employed to synthesize the glass composition; 49P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> + 20TeO<sub>2</sub> + 10MX + 10BaCO<sub>3</sub> + 10ZnF<sub>2</sub> + 1Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (MX = Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, LiF, Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, NaF, K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and KF). The amorphous nature was confirmed by XRD analysis, and the optical properties, such as band gap, Urbach energy and band tail parameters, provides insights into the nature of the materials. Lower Urbach energy (∆E) values confirm the reduced disorderliness in the structure of the present glasses. The ionic and covalent nature of the glass was also examined. Radiation attenuation properties were evaluated using Phy-X software. At 0.5&#xa0;cm thickness, all the prepared glasses exhibit full gamma-ray shielding at low energies (0.015–0.02&#xa0;MeV), and the efficiency declines noticeably as energy increases. The TVL analysis reveals that the PTSBZ:KF sample offers optimal low-energy shielding, while the PTSBZ:NF glass sample exhibits superior attenuation at higher energies, highlighting energy-dependent performance. The results demonstrate that lower HVL, TVL, and MFP along with higher LAC and MAC values validate the present glasses as effective materials for radiation attenuation applications.</p>

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Lead-free alkali-modified fluoride-oxide glasses: structural, optical, and radiation shielding performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • R. Ramesh Krishnan,
  • K. A. Naseer,
  • M. I. Sayyed,
  • Mohammed S. Alqahtani,
  • K. Marimuthu

摘要

The novelty of the study lies in the comparative analysis of alkali oxides and their corresponding fluoride counterparts as modifiers within a glass system. The melt quenching technique was employed to synthesize the glass composition; 49P2O5 + 20TeO2 + 10MX + 10BaCO3 + 10ZnF2 + 1Sm2O3 (MX = Li2CO3, LiF, Na2CO3, NaF, K2CO3 and KF). The amorphous nature was confirmed by XRD analysis, and the optical properties, such as band gap, Urbach energy and band tail parameters, provides insights into the nature of the materials. Lower Urbach energy (∆E) values confirm the reduced disorderliness in the structure of the present glasses. The ionic and covalent nature of the glass was also examined. Radiation attenuation properties were evaluated using Phy-X software. At 0.5 cm thickness, all the prepared glasses exhibit full gamma-ray shielding at low energies (0.015–0.02 MeV), and the efficiency declines noticeably as energy increases. The TVL analysis reveals that the PTSBZ:KF sample offers optimal low-energy shielding, while the PTSBZ:NF glass sample exhibits superior attenuation at higher energies, highlighting energy-dependent performance. The results demonstrate that lower HVL, TVL, and MFP along with higher LAC and MAC values validate the present glasses as effective materials for radiation attenuation applications.