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<p>Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a widely used cellulose derivative with applications across the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, we present a microwave-assisted method for the production of CMC from cellulose extracted from date palm empty fruit bunches (EFBDs) – a well-known agricultural waste in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The cellulose was subjected to mercerization and etherification reactions to yield CMC. Structural and compositional analyzes confirmed the successful conversion: elemental analysis indicated a high oxygen and carbon content consistent with purified cellulose, while FTIR analysis confirmed the substitution of hydroxyl groups with carboxymethyl ether groups. The synthesized CMC exhibited a degree of substitution of 0.81, lower crystallinity as indicated by SEM and thermal analysis, and improved solubility compared to the cellulose precursor. Our findings demonstrate that microwave-assisted synthesis not only enhances process efficiency but also offers a sustainable way to valorize agricultural biomass into high-value biopolymers for industrial-scale applications.</p>

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Conversion of empty fruit bunch date palm-based cellulose to carboxymethyl cellulose via microwave method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Mohanad El‑Harbawi,
  • Yousef M. Alanazi,
  • Abdullah Al Ragib,
  • Mohamed Aboughaly,
  • Abdelbasset Bessadok-Jemai,
  • Chun‑Yang Yin

摘要

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a widely used cellulose derivative with applications across the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, we present a microwave-assisted method for the production of CMC from cellulose extracted from date palm empty fruit bunches (EFBDs) – a well-known agricultural waste in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The cellulose was subjected to mercerization and etherification reactions to yield CMC. Structural and compositional analyzes confirmed the successful conversion: elemental analysis indicated a high oxygen and carbon content consistent with purified cellulose, while FTIR analysis confirmed the substitution of hydroxyl groups with carboxymethyl ether groups. The synthesized CMC exhibited a degree of substitution of 0.81, lower crystallinity as indicated by SEM and thermal analysis, and improved solubility compared to the cellulose precursor. Our findings demonstrate that microwave-assisted synthesis not only enhances process efficiency but also offers a sustainable way to valorize agricultural biomass into high-value biopolymers for industrial-scale applications.