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<p>The formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) scale on metallic surfaces poses significant challenges in various industrial applications. This study investigates the influence of copper (Cu) and aluminium (Al) buttons on CaCO<sub>3</sub> precipitation and scale formation at 60&#xa0;°C using a suite of characterisation techniques, including Powder X-ray Diffraction (P-XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). P-XRD analysis revealed the absence of scale deposition on Cu buttons, while Al surfaces promoted the formation of crystalline CaCO<sub>3</sub>, primarily vaterite and calcite. SEM imaging corroborated these findings, showing poorly crystalline precipitates in the presence of Cu and well-defined spherical/polyhedral structures on Al. The smooth surface of Cu and its weak interaction with carbonate ions are proposed as key factors inhibiting scale formation, whereas the rougher surface of Al and its stronger affinity facilitate nucleation and crystal growth. These results highlight the crucial role of button material in controlling CaCO<sub>3</sub> scaling behaviour, offering insights for material selection in systems susceptible to scale deposition.</p>

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Influence of calcium carbonate scale formation on copper and aluminium: polymorphism and morphology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月11日

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  • Sapan Jana,
  • K. Palanisamy,
  • V. K. Subramanian

摘要

The formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) scale on metallic surfaces poses significant challenges in various industrial applications. This study investigates the influence of copper (Cu) and aluminium (Al) buttons on CaCO3 precipitation and scale formation at 60 °C using a suite of characterisation techniques, including Powder X-ray Diffraction (P-XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). P-XRD analysis revealed the absence of scale deposition on Cu buttons, while Al surfaces promoted the formation of crystalline CaCO3, primarily vaterite and calcite. SEM imaging corroborated these findings, showing poorly crystalline precipitates in the presence of Cu and well-defined spherical/polyhedral structures on Al. The smooth surface of Cu and its weak interaction with carbonate ions are proposed as key factors inhibiting scale formation, whereas the rougher surface of Al and its stronger affinity facilitate nucleation and crystal growth. These results highlight the crucial role of button material in controlling CaCO3 scaling behaviour, offering insights for material selection in systems susceptible to scale deposition.