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<p>This study presents the development of an epoxy-based hybrid composite for prosthetic applications, reinforced with silane-treated basalt and bamboo fibers along with chitosan derived from Echinoidea spikes. The chitosan was extracted from marine waste and surface-modified using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-APTMS) to enhance interfacial bonding within the epoxy matrix. The composites were fabricated through a hand lay-up process followed by controlled curing and post-curing. Five formulations (M1–M5) with varying fiber and chitosan contents were evaluated for their mechanical and viscoelastic performance using tensile, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and creep tests. Among them, specimen M4, containing 40 vol% fibers and 3 vol% chitosan, exhibited superior performance. It achieved a storage modulus of 6.1 GPa at 91&#xa0;°C, a tensile strength of 62&#xa0;MPa, and minimal creep strain ranging from 0.0065 to 0.0095 over extended loading durations. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed uniform filler dispersion and strong fiber–matrix interfacial bonding, confirming the effectiveness of silane treatment. The enhanced properties are attributed to improved load transfer and reduced interfacial defects. Overall, the developed hybrid composite demonstrates promising stiffness, durability, and long-term stability, making it a potential candidate for next-generation prosthetic applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Sustainable chitosan-basalt-bamboo epoxy composites for prosthetic use: mechanical, fatigue, and creep analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月8日

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  • R. T. Ajaykarthik,
  • B. Eanest Jebasingh,
  • Jayashri N. Nair,
  • M. Dineshkumar

摘要

This study presents the development of an epoxy-based hybrid composite for prosthetic applications, reinforced with silane-treated basalt and bamboo fibers along with chitosan derived from Echinoidea spikes. The chitosan was extracted from marine waste and surface-modified using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-APTMS) to enhance interfacial bonding within the epoxy matrix. The composites were fabricated through a hand lay-up process followed by controlled curing and post-curing. Five formulations (M1–M5) with varying fiber and chitosan contents were evaluated for their mechanical and viscoelastic performance using tensile, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and creep tests. Among them, specimen M4, containing 40 vol% fibers and 3 vol% chitosan, exhibited superior performance. It achieved a storage modulus of 6.1 GPa at 91 °C, a tensile strength of 62 MPa, and minimal creep strain ranging from 0.0065 to 0.0095 over extended loading durations. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed uniform filler dispersion and strong fiber–matrix interfacial bonding, confirming the effectiveness of silane treatment. The enhanced properties are attributed to improved load transfer and reduced interfacial defects. Overall, the developed hybrid composite demonstrates promising stiffness, durability, and long-term stability, making it a potential candidate for next-generation prosthetic applications.

Graphical abstract