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<p>This research investigates the development of aluminium-based hybrid nanocomposites reinforced with microscale boron carbide (B<sub>4</sub>C) and nanoscale titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) to enhance mechanical strength and thermal performance simultaneously. A controlled micro–nano hybrid reinforcement approach, combined with tubular furnace sintering, was employed to promote uniform particle dispersion, improve interfacial bonding, and enhance densification. Composites containing a constant 5 wt% B<sub>4</sub>C and varying TiO<sub>2</sub> contents of 3, 6, and 9 wt% were systematically fabricated and evaluated. Microstructural analysis confirmed homogeneous reinforcement distribution, significant grain refinement, and strong matrix–particle interfaces without deleterious phase formation. The optimized composition Al–5%B<sub>4</sub>C–9%TiO<sub>2</sub> exhibited superior performance, with microhardness increasing to 112 HV, representing more than a threefold improvement; tensile strength increasing to 178&#xa0;MPa, a 30% increase; and compressive strength increasing to 394&#xa0;MPa, a 54% increase compared to pure aluminium. These improvements are attributed to combined strengthening mechanisms, including load transfer, Orowan strengthening, and increased dislocation density. Thermal characterization revealed stable heat transport behaviour, with a thermal diffusivity of 60&#xa0;mm²/s and a thermal conductivity of 2.06&#xa0;W/m·K at 300&#xa0;°C, influenced by interfacial phonon scattering and the reinforcement distribution. The results demonstrate that optimized hybrid reinforcement and processing strategies effectively deliver a balanced combination of mechanical performance and thermal transport, making these composites suitable for advanced structural and thermal management applications in aerospace and automotive sectors.</p>

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Influence of B4C and TiO2 reinforcements on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of aluminium hybrid nanocomposites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • N. Senthil Kumar,
  • M. Kalaimani,
  • S. Shanmugam,
  • M. Yuvaperiyasamy

摘要

This research investigates the development of aluminium-based hybrid nanocomposites reinforced with microscale boron carbide (B4C) and nanoscale titanium dioxide (TiO2) to enhance mechanical strength and thermal performance simultaneously. A controlled micro–nano hybrid reinforcement approach, combined with tubular furnace sintering, was employed to promote uniform particle dispersion, improve interfacial bonding, and enhance densification. Composites containing a constant 5 wt% B4C and varying TiO2 contents of 3, 6, and 9 wt% were systematically fabricated and evaluated. Microstructural analysis confirmed homogeneous reinforcement distribution, significant grain refinement, and strong matrix–particle interfaces without deleterious phase formation. The optimized composition Al–5%B4C–9%TiO2 exhibited superior performance, with microhardness increasing to 112 HV, representing more than a threefold improvement; tensile strength increasing to 178 MPa, a 30% increase; and compressive strength increasing to 394 MPa, a 54% increase compared to pure aluminium. These improvements are attributed to combined strengthening mechanisms, including load transfer, Orowan strengthening, and increased dislocation density. Thermal characterization revealed stable heat transport behaviour, with a thermal diffusivity of 60 mm²/s and a thermal conductivity of 2.06 W/m·K at 300 °C, influenced by interfacial phonon scattering and the reinforcement distribution. The results demonstrate that optimized hybrid reinforcement and processing strategies effectively deliver a balanced combination of mechanical performance and thermal transport, making these composites suitable for advanced structural and thermal management applications in aerospace and automotive sectors.