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<p>This study investigates the development and performance evaluation of eco-reinforced polyester composites fabricated using <i>Epipremnum </i><i>aureum</i> stem fiber as reinforcement and <i>Syzygium cumini</i> seed powder as biofiller in both untreated and silane-treated forms. The composites were prepared with a constant 40 vol% fiber content and varying biofiller loadings of 2, 4, and 6 vol% to examine their influence on mechanical, tribological, and moisture absorption characteristics. The results revealed a notable enhancement in the overall mechanical and surface properties compared to the neat polyester matrix. The incorporation of fiber and biofiller significantly improved tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness values, while the silane-treated fillers further strengthened interfacial adhesion between the hydrophilic natural reinforcements and the hydrophobic polyester matrix. Among all specimens, PPTS2 with 4 vol% filler exhibited superior mechanical performance, achieving a tensile strength of 145&#xa0;MPa, flexural strength of 155&#xa0;MPa, impact energy of 5.28&#xa0;J, and hardness of 84 Shore-D. This improvement was attributed to the strong chemical bonding and efficient stress transfer facilitated by silane treatment, which ensured uniform filler dispersion and reduced void formation. The tribological and moisture absorption studies revealed that PPTS3 with 6 vol% filler possessed the best wear resistance and lowest water absorption, with a specific wear rate of 0.017&#xa0;mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm, coefficient of friction of 0.22, and water absorption of 1.42%. These results indicate the dense surface structure, enhanced interfacial adhesion, and reduced hydrophilicity achieved through silane modification. SEM analysis supported these findings, showing a transition from a brittle fracture in the neat polyester to strong fiber-filler-matrix bonding in the treated composites. The combined results confirm that the silane-treated <i>S. cumini</i> filler effectively enhances interfacial compatibility, mechanical stability, wear resistance, and moisture durability, making these composites suitable for sustainable structural and semi-structural applications.</p>

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Performance assessment of eco-reinforced polyester composites: Syzygium cumini seed powder & Epipremnum aureum stem microfiber fillers across mechanical, tribological, and absorption tests

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • M. Seenivasan,
  • T. Venugopal,
  • R. Thirumalai,
  • P. Satishkumar

摘要

This study investigates the development and performance evaluation of eco-reinforced polyester composites fabricated using Epipremnum aureum stem fiber as reinforcement and Syzygium cumini seed powder as biofiller in both untreated and silane-treated forms. The composites were prepared with a constant 40 vol% fiber content and varying biofiller loadings of 2, 4, and 6 vol% to examine their influence on mechanical, tribological, and moisture absorption characteristics. The results revealed a notable enhancement in the overall mechanical and surface properties compared to the neat polyester matrix. The incorporation of fiber and biofiller significantly improved tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness values, while the silane-treated fillers further strengthened interfacial adhesion between the hydrophilic natural reinforcements and the hydrophobic polyester matrix. Among all specimens, PPTS2 with 4 vol% filler exhibited superior mechanical performance, achieving a tensile strength of 145 MPa, flexural strength of 155 MPa, impact energy of 5.28 J, and hardness of 84 Shore-D. This improvement was attributed to the strong chemical bonding and efficient stress transfer facilitated by silane treatment, which ensured uniform filler dispersion and reduced void formation. The tribological and moisture absorption studies revealed that PPTS3 with 6 vol% filler possessed the best wear resistance and lowest water absorption, with a specific wear rate of 0.017 mm3/Nm, coefficient of friction of 0.22, and water absorption of 1.42%. These results indicate the dense surface structure, enhanced interfacial adhesion, and reduced hydrophilicity achieved through silane modification. SEM analysis supported these findings, showing a transition from a brittle fracture in the neat polyester to strong fiber-filler-matrix bonding in the treated composites. The combined results confirm that the silane-treated S. cumini filler effectively enhances interfacial compatibility, mechanical stability, wear resistance, and moisture durability, making these composites suitable for sustainable structural and semi-structural applications.