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<p>In this study, heterojunction nanostructures S<sub>1</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub> and S<sub>2</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub>/NiTiO<sub>3</sub>—were successfully synthesized via a microwave-assisted solution combustion technique. The heterojunction nanostructures were comprehensively characterized to assess their physicochemical properties relevant to photocatalysis. Structural and morphological analyses using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurements confirmed the formation of well-crystallized materials. XRD results revealed an average crystallite size of approximately 30&#xa0;nm. UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) demonstrated a narrowed optical band gap of 2.69&#xa0;eV for the S<sub>2</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub>/NiTiO<sub>3</sub> composite, indicative of enhanced visible-light absorption. SEM imaging showed a sheet-like NiTiO<sub>3</sub> framework decorated with spherical TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles ranging from 20 to 50&#xa0;nm. The S<sub>2−</sub>TiO<sub>2</sub>/NiTiO<sub>3</sub> sample exhibited a significantly higher surface area (65.215&#xa0;m<sup>2</sup>/g) compared to S<sub>1</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub>, correlating with its superior photocatalytic performance. Photocatalytic experiments conducted under natural sunlight using Eriochrome Black T (EBT) and Methyl Red (MR) as model azo dyes confirmed the enhanced activity of the S<sub>2</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub>/NiTiO<sub>3</sub> heterostructure. These results establish the S<sub>2</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub>/NiTiO<sub>3</sub> composite as a highly effective and environmentally sustainable photocatalyst for the remediation of dye-contaminated water.</p>

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Microwave-engineered TiO2/NiTiO3 heterojunctions for superior solar photocatalytic remediation of azo dyes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月28日

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  • N. Padmavathy,
  • M. Vinuth,
  • M. Madhukara Naik,
  • H. J. Yashwanth,
  • K. H. Hemakumar

摘要

In this study, heterojunction nanostructures S1-TiO2 and S2-TiO2/NiTiO3—were successfully synthesized via a microwave-assisted solution combustion technique. The heterojunction nanostructures were comprehensively characterized to assess their physicochemical properties relevant to photocatalysis. Structural and morphological analyses using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurements confirmed the formation of well-crystallized materials. XRD results revealed an average crystallite size of approximately 30 nm. UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) demonstrated a narrowed optical band gap of 2.69 eV for the S2-TiO2/NiTiO3 composite, indicative of enhanced visible-light absorption. SEM imaging showed a sheet-like NiTiO3 framework decorated with spherical TiO2 nanoparticles ranging from 20 to 50 nm. The S2−TiO2/NiTiO3 sample exhibited a significantly higher surface area (65.215 m2/g) compared to S1-TiO2, correlating with its superior photocatalytic performance. Photocatalytic experiments conducted under natural sunlight using Eriochrome Black T (EBT) and Methyl Red (MR) as model azo dyes confirmed the enhanced activity of the S2-TiO2/NiTiO3 heterostructure. These results establish the S2-TiO2/NiTiO3 composite as a highly effective and environmentally sustainable photocatalyst for the remediation of dye-contaminated water.