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<p>Medicinal plants are an important source of bioactive compounds and have long played a key role in pharmacological research and drug discovery. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition and biological activities of the aerial parts of Algerian <i>Leopoldia comosa</i>. The chemical profile of the aqueous extract (LCA) was characterized by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Total phenolic content of aqueous, crude, and fractions was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assays, while anti-inflammatory potential was assessed by heat-induced bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation assay. Antimicrobial activity was examined using agar well diffusion and microdilution methods. In addition, LCA was subjected to in vivo assays to evaluate acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory, and gastroprotective effects. LC–MS/MS profiling of the aqueous extract revealed the presence of eleven phenolic compounds, mainly flavonoids and phenylpropanoids. Among all extracts, the butanolic extract exhibited the highest polyphenol content (130.04 ± 1.11&#xa0;µg GAE/mg) and the strongest antioxidant activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 170.83 ± 1.15&#xa0;µg/mL for DPPH and 122.01 ± 1.80&#xa0;µg/mL for ABTS). All extracts showed antimicrobial activity to varying extents, with <i>n</i>-hexane and dichloromethane extracts being the most potent. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was observed for the aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 4.83 ± 0.15 and 7.44 ± 0.12&#xa0;mg/mL, respectively. Acute toxicity studies revealed no signs of toxicity in rats treated with LCA up to 2000&#xa0;mg/kg. In vivo, LCA exhibited a marked anti-inflammatory effect, with the highest dose producing an inhibition rate of 73.50%, significantly higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) than that observed at 100&#xa0;mg/kg (49.66%) and exceeding the effect of diclofenac sodium (60.90%). Moreover, LCA showed dose-dependent gastroprotective effects, with protection rates of 20.77% and 51.31% at 100 and 200&#xa0;mg/kg, respectively, compared to 60.62% for omeprazole. Overall, these findings highlight the aerial parts of <i>L. comosa</i> as a promising source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective properties.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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LC–MS/MS phytochemical analysis of Leopoldia comosa aerial parts with assessment of antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective activities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • Kaouther Sahli,
  • Amira Labed,
  • Zakaria Bouhidel,
  • Aouatef Cherouana,
  • Karima Bouali,
  • Hocine Z. Talhi,
  • Aymen Sahli,
  • Hamza Fadel,
  • Zahia Kabouche,
  • Mustafa A. Yilmaz,
  • Oguz Cakir,
  • Abbas Tarhan,
  • Djamila Zama

摘要

Medicinal plants are an important source of bioactive compounds and have long played a key role in pharmacological research and drug discovery. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition and biological activities of the aerial parts of Algerian Leopoldia comosa. The chemical profile of the aqueous extract (LCA) was characterized by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Total phenolic content of aqueous, crude, and fractions was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assays, while anti-inflammatory potential was assessed by heat-induced bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation assay. Antimicrobial activity was examined using agar well diffusion and microdilution methods. In addition, LCA was subjected to in vivo assays to evaluate acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory, and gastroprotective effects. LC–MS/MS profiling of the aqueous extract revealed the presence of eleven phenolic compounds, mainly flavonoids and phenylpropanoids. Among all extracts, the butanolic extract exhibited the highest polyphenol content (130.04 ± 1.11 µg GAE/mg) and the strongest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 170.83 ± 1.15 µg/mL for DPPH and 122.01 ± 1.80 µg/mL for ABTS). All extracts showed antimicrobial activity to varying extents, with n-hexane and dichloromethane extracts being the most potent. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was observed for the aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts, with IC50 values of 4.83 ± 0.15 and 7.44 ± 0.12 mg/mL, respectively. Acute toxicity studies revealed no signs of toxicity in rats treated with LCA up to 2000 mg/kg. In vivo, LCA exhibited a marked anti-inflammatory effect, with the highest dose producing an inhibition rate of 73.50%, significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than that observed at 100 mg/kg (49.66%) and exceeding the effect of diclofenac sodium (60.90%). Moreover, LCA showed dose-dependent gastroprotective effects, with protection rates of 20.77% and 51.31% at 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively, compared to 60.62% for omeprazole. Overall, these findings highlight the aerial parts of L. comosa as a promising source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective properties.

Graphical abstract