<p>The review discusses the elimination of cationic as well as anionic ions produced primary from industrial activities, mining, casting, fertilizers, agricultural activities, plastics, and other origins. Adsorption is one of the most reliable and cost-effective techniques for separating and purifying contaminated water and effluents from various sources. Bio-based sorbents, or biosorbents, are developed from agricultural by-products. Discrete ranges of adsorbates and adsorbents were examined by applying distinct processes, specifications, and Isotherm models. In this report, different adsorbates and adsorbents used for the adsorption of the cationic and anionic ions/metals are studied. This review provides a comparative assessment of bio-based sorbents and advanced adsorbent materials, with particular emphasis on adsorption performance, regeneration behaviour, and scalability for practical wastewater treatment applications. The adsorption method is vastly being used because of its high adsorption cost-effective potential of the ions generated from industrial activities, mining, agricultural activities, and other sources.</p>