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<p>The treatment of sulfonic acid wastewater poses significant environmental challenges owing to its high organic load and poor biodegradability. In this study, iron–carbon (Fe–C) micro-electrolysis was investigated as a pretreatment strategy to enhance the removal of persistent organic pollutants. A systematic evaluation was conducted to examine the effects of influent concentration, pH, aeration rate, and reaction time on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, Fe<sup>3+</sup> concentration, pH variation, and chromaticity. Response surface methodology was employed to analyze factor interactions and optimize operational conditions for the Fe–C micro-electrolysis process. The optimal parameters were an aeration rate of 16.63&#xa0;L/min, a reaction time of 79.37&#xa0;min, and an initial pH of 1.268, achieving a COD removal efficiency of 45.24%. The degradation kinetics of sulfonic acid wastewater followed a pseudo-second-order model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.996). Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the wastewater primarily contained methanesulfonic acid and alkylbenzenesulfonic acid. The Fe–C micro-electrolysis process effectively altered the macromolecular structures of these pollutants by cleaving aromatic rings, disrupting unsaturated bonds, and transforming sulfonic functional groups into smaller molecules or inorganic species. The estimated operating cost under optimized conditions was approximately 5 USD/m<sup>3</sup>, demonstrating the practical feasibility of this pretreatment technology.</p>

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Pretreatment of sulfonic acid wastewater through iron-carbon micro-electrolysis: investigation on process optimization and mechanism analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Qiaoling Xian,
  • Youqiang Liu,
  • Jian Zhou,
  • Xuemin Zhang,
  • Yan Kong

摘要

The treatment of sulfonic acid wastewater poses significant environmental challenges owing to its high organic load and poor biodegradability. In this study, iron–carbon (Fe–C) micro-electrolysis was investigated as a pretreatment strategy to enhance the removal of persistent organic pollutants. A systematic evaluation was conducted to examine the effects of influent concentration, pH, aeration rate, and reaction time on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, Fe3+ concentration, pH variation, and chromaticity. Response surface methodology was employed to analyze factor interactions and optimize operational conditions for the Fe–C micro-electrolysis process. The optimal parameters were an aeration rate of 16.63 L/min, a reaction time of 79.37 min, and an initial pH of 1.268, achieving a COD removal efficiency of 45.24%. The degradation kinetics of sulfonic acid wastewater followed a pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.996). Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the wastewater primarily contained methanesulfonic acid and alkylbenzenesulfonic acid. The Fe–C micro-electrolysis process effectively altered the macromolecular structures of these pollutants by cleaving aromatic rings, disrupting unsaturated bonds, and transforming sulfonic functional groups into smaller molecules or inorganic species. The estimated operating cost under optimized conditions was approximately 5 USD/m3, demonstrating the practical feasibility of this pretreatment technology.