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<p>This study presents the first investigation of zinc-doped Zn<sub>0.4</sub>Ba<sub>0.6</sub>Al<sub>0.3</sub>Fe<sub>1.7</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spinel ferrite nanocomposites as novel visible-light photocatalysts for ciprofloxacin degradation. The nanocomposites were synthesized via sol–gel auto-combustion and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR, SEM–EDX, BET, and UV–Vis dispersive X Zinc substitution induced significant structural modifications, including lattice parameter reduction (8.403 → 8.3347&#xa0;Å), crystallite refinement (23.432 → 19.51&#xa0;nm), and enhanced surface area (6.765 → 9.246 m<sup>2</sup>/g). The optical bandgap narrowed from 2.65 to 2.52&#xa0;eV, improving the visible-light absorption. The photocatalytic efficiency increased dramatically from 64.37% (undoped) to 96.47% (zinc-doped) within 50&#xa0;min under optimized conditions. Scavenger analysis identified hydroxyl radicals as the primary reactive species in this process. The catalyst demonstrated superior selectivity for ciprofloxacin (96.47%) compared to methylene blue (77.45%), methyl orange (57.12%), and rhodamine B (37.96%). The addition of H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> resulted in complete degradation within 30&#xa0;min. Excellent reusability was maintained with &gt; 86% efficiency after five cycles, demonstrating the practical viability of the material for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.</p>

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Zinc-doped ZnxBa1-xAl0.3Fe1.7O4(X = 0, 0.4) spinel ferrite nanocomposites: a novel visible-light photocatalyst with enhanced surface, optical, and electronic properties for efficient ciprofloxacin degradation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月13日

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  • Waleed Y. Rizg,
  • Naemi Tonateni Shifeta,
  • Muhammad Yasar,
  • Muhammad Iftikhar Ahmad Khan,
  • Cumali Celik,
  • Khalid J. Alzahrani,
  • Khalaf F. Alsharif,
  • Fuad M. Alzahrani,
  • Mashkhura Sultonova,
  • Shakhlokhon Kurbanova

摘要

This study presents the first investigation of zinc-doped Zn0.4Ba0.6Al0.3Fe1.7O4 spinel ferrite nanocomposites as novel visible-light photocatalysts for ciprofloxacin degradation. The nanocomposites were synthesized via sol–gel auto-combustion and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR, SEM–EDX, BET, and UV–Vis dispersive X Zinc substitution induced significant structural modifications, including lattice parameter reduction (8.403 → 8.3347 Å), crystallite refinement (23.432 → 19.51 nm), and enhanced surface area (6.765 → 9.246 m2/g). The optical bandgap narrowed from 2.65 to 2.52 eV, improving the visible-light absorption. The photocatalytic efficiency increased dramatically from 64.37% (undoped) to 96.47% (zinc-doped) within 50 min under optimized conditions. Scavenger analysis identified hydroxyl radicals as the primary reactive species in this process. The catalyst demonstrated superior selectivity for ciprofloxacin (96.47%) compared to methylene blue (77.45%), methyl orange (57.12%), and rhodamine B (37.96%). The addition of H2 O2 resulted in complete degradation within 30 min. Excellent reusability was maintained with > 86% efficiency after five cycles, demonstrating the practical viability of the material for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.