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Introduction <p>Obesity is widely recognized as an important risk factor for breast cancer, largely due to its effects on hormonal regulation, chronic low-grade inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. Metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) produces long-term weight reduction and improves metabolic profiles, which may influence the development of obesity-related cancers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the relationship between bariatric surgery and breast cancer incidence in adult women with obesity.</p> Methods <p>This review followed the PRISMA reporting standards and was registered in PROSPERO. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was performed to identify studies comparing adult underwent metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) with those managed without surgery. Breast cancer incidence was defined as the primary outcome. Study screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal were carried out independently by multiple reviewers. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model.</p> Results <p>Eight eligible studies involving 793,197 participants were included in the analysis. Among them, 140,880 women had undergone bariatric surgery, while 652,317 received non-surgical management. Women who underwent metabolic bariatric surgery demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of breast cancer compared with non-surgical controls (pooled HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.46–0.80). This risk reduction was observed in both premenopausal and postmenopausal populations.</p> Conclusion <p>Among women with obesity, metabolic bariatric surgery is associated with a substantially reduced risk of developing breast cancer. While these findings suggest a potential protective effect, further large- scale prospective studies are necessary to clarify causality and identify patients who may benefit most from surgical intervention.</p>

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The Impact of Metabolic Bariatric Surgery on the Incidence of Breast Cancer in Patients with Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Ragad Jalmood,
  • Walaa Alsafari,
  • Hassan Al-Asiry,
  • Mohammed Almutairi,
  • Abdullah Alzahrani,
  • Saad Alahmari,
  • Sara Alahmadi,
  • Ghada Alalawi,
  • Mohammed Almuhaisen,
  • Atheer Albalawi,
  • Suzan Alajlan,
  • Noor Alsannaa,
  • Ameen Alshehri

摘要

Introduction

Obesity is widely recognized as an important risk factor for breast cancer, largely due to its effects on hormonal regulation, chronic low-grade inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. Metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) produces long-term weight reduction and improves metabolic profiles, which may influence the development of obesity-related cancers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the relationship between bariatric surgery and breast cancer incidence in adult women with obesity.

Methods

This review followed the PRISMA reporting standards and was registered in PROSPERO. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was performed to identify studies comparing adult underwent metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) with those managed without surgery. Breast cancer incidence was defined as the primary outcome. Study screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal were carried out independently by multiple reviewers. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model.

Results

Eight eligible studies involving 793,197 participants were included in the analysis. Among them, 140,880 women had undergone bariatric surgery, while 652,317 received non-surgical management. Women who underwent metabolic bariatric surgery demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of breast cancer compared with non-surgical controls (pooled HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.46–0.80). This risk reduction was observed in both premenopausal and postmenopausal populations.

Conclusion

Among women with obesity, metabolic bariatric surgery is associated with a substantially reduced risk of developing breast cancer. While these findings suggest a potential protective effect, further large- scale prospective studies are necessary to clarify causality and identify patients who may benefit most from surgical intervention.