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Background <p>Over the past three decades, metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) has undergone significant changes in Iran, mirroring global trends and incorporating regional innovations. This study aims to investigate MBS trends in Iran over 15 years (2009–2024), with a focus on demographic patterns and procedural distribution.</p> Methods <p>Data from the Iranian National Obesity Surgery Database (INOSD) provided the basis for a retrospective study. The study encompassed all patients with MBS between 2009 and 2024. The demographic traits, body mass index (BMI), obesity-associated medical disease, surgical operation type, and trends over time were analyzed.</p> Results <p>In total, 55,936 patients were included, most of whom were female (80%). The majority (62%) were aged 25–45 years. With a declining number of patients with BMI &gt; 50&#xa0;kg/m² over time, most patients fell in the range of 40–50&#xa0;kg/m². The most common obesity-associated medical problems were hypertension (15%), severe obstructive sleep apnea (12%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (11%), and dyslipidemia (11%). Rising from 2.6% in 2009 to 56% in 2024, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surpassed Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), which decreased from 92% in 2009 to 13% in 2024. Especially in higher BMI patients, one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) demonstrated a consistent rise. Rates of revisional and conversional surgery rose over time, specifically in OAGB.</p> Conclusions <p>With an increasing inclination for SG and OAGB, MBS trends in Iran mirror a worldwide movement toward safer and more effective treatments.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Evolution Over the Past Decades (2009–2024): Insights from the Iranian National Obesity Surgery Database (INOSD)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月2日

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  • Shahab Shahabi Shahmiri,
  • Abdolreza Pazouki,
  • Seyed Amin Setarehdan,
  • Kimia Vakili,
  • Kimia Jazi,
  • Erfan Sheikhbahaei,
  • Fahime Yarigholi,
  • Somayeh Mokhber,
  • Alireza Khalaj,
  • Amir Hossein Davarpanah Jazi,
  • Mohammad Kermansaravi

摘要

Background

Over the past three decades, metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) has undergone significant changes in Iran, mirroring global trends and incorporating regional innovations. This study aims to investigate MBS trends in Iran over 15 years (2009–2024), with a focus on demographic patterns and procedural distribution.

Methods

Data from the Iranian National Obesity Surgery Database (INOSD) provided the basis for a retrospective study. The study encompassed all patients with MBS between 2009 and 2024. The demographic traits, body mass index (BMI), obesity-associated medical disease, surgical operation type, and trends over time were analyzed.

Results

In total, 55,936 patients were included, most of whom were female (80%). The majority (62%) were aged 25–45 years. With a declining number of patients with BMI > 50 kg/m² over time, most patients fell in the range of 40–50 kg/m². The most common obesity-associated medical problems were hypertension (15%), severe obstructive sleep apnea (12%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (11%), and dyslipidemia (11%). Rising from 2.6% in 2009 to 56% in 2024, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surpassed Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), which decreased from 92% in 2009 to 13% in 2024. Especially in higher BMI patients, one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) demonstrated a consistent rise. Rates of revisional and conversional surgery rose over time, specifically in OAGB.

Conclusions

With an increasing inclination for SG and OAGB, MBS trends in Iran mirror a worldwide movement toward safer and more effective treatments.

Graphical Abstract