Background <p>Despite the growing body of literature on the effects of bariatric surgery on sleep structure and quality in obese patients, there remains a paucity of comprehensive assessments. The objective of this study was to systematically analyze the changes in sleep structure and quality after bariatric surgery in obese patients.</p> Methods <p>By searching the three major databases, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane, eligible studies that provided indicators of Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) or Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) outcomes after bariatric surgery will be included in the final analysis.</p> Results <p>A total of 1570 weight loss patients from 31 studies were included, with a mean preoperative age of 30.3–56.8 years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 31.1–62.0&#xa0;kg/m². Twenty-six of these studies provided ESS data, and seven provided PSQI data. The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared to the preoperative period, postoperative weight loss Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) decreased by − 4.604 (<i>I</i>² = 92.9%, <i>P</i> = 0.000) and sleep quality improved by 3.276 (<i>I</i>² = 19.3%, <i>P</i> = 0.282) compared to preoperative.</p> Conclusions <p>Bariatric surgery corrects EDS and significantly improves sleep quality in obese patients.</p>