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<p>Gum Arabic functionality in aqueous systems depends on dispersed structure, yet ultrasound-induced changes are often described using a single optical endpoint. In this exploratory study, aqueous gum Arabic dispersions were examined using a partial factorial ultrasound design comprising four edge branches (20/255, 20/765, 30/255, and 30/765; concentration, g/100&#xa0;g / nominal power, W) and three center-point replicates at 25/510. Untreated branch baselines and samples sonicated for 5, 10, and 15&#xa0;min were characterized by apparent steady-shear rheology and separate UV-Vis analysis in the visible (400–800&#xa0;nm) and deep-UV (200–400&#xa0;nm) regions. Power-law modeling indicated pseudoplastic apparent flow in all cases (<i>n</i> &lt; 1), but the observed rheological trends differed among the concentration/power branches. In the 20/255 and 20/765 branches, n decreased after sonication, indicating a more shear-dependent apparent flow profile, whereas in the 30/255 and 30/765 branches, n increased, indicating a less shear-dependent profile. The 25/510 center-point series showed an intermediate, non-monotonic pattern. Cross-model descriptors showed the same branch-wise contrast through changes in the modeled apparent-viscosity span between low- and high-shear states. Visible-region descriptors suggested increased turbidity in the 20&#xa0;g/100&#xa0;g edge branches and smaller or negative changes in the 25/510 center point and the 30&#xa0;g/100&#xa0;g edge branches. Deep-UV descriptors were non-monotonic and often temporally decoupled from the visible response. Exploratory PCA, PLS, and multiblock PLS indicated that visible descriptors were more associated with consistency and apparent viscosity, whereas the UV block added information related to n when combined with design variables. Because optical measurements were not independently replicated and the chemometric models were not externally validated, these models are interpreted as proof-of-concept comparisons rather than final predictive calibrations. Overall, the results support the use of dual-window UV-Vis descriptors together with apparent rheological modeling to describe branch-specific responses of gum Arabic dispersions to ultrasound.</p>

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Dual-window UV–Vis spectroscopy, rheology, and chemometric characterization of ultrasound-treated gum Arabic dispersions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Janaina Lima,
  • Yasmin Diniz,
  • Lidiane Fernandes,
  • Ana M. Sarinho,
  • Renata Duarte Almeida,
  • Matheus Augusto Bittencourt Pasquali,
  • Hugo M. Lisboa

摘要

Gum Arabic functionality in aqueous systems depends on dispersed structure, yet ultrasound-induced changes are often described using a single optical endpoint. In this exploratory study, aqueous gum Arabic dispersions were examined using a partial factorial ultrasound design comprising four edge branches (20/255, 20/765, 30/255, and 30/765; concentration, g/100 g / nominal power, W) and three center-point replicates at 25/510. Untreated branch baselines and samples sonicated for 5, 10, and 15 min were characterized by apparent steady-shear rheology and separate UV-Vis analysis in the visible (400–800 nm) and deep-UV (200–400 nm) regions. Power-law modeling indicated pseudoplastic apparent flow in all cases (n < 1), but the observed rheological trends differed among the concentration/power branches. In the 20/255 and 20/765 branches, n decreased after sonication, indicating a more shear-dependent apparent flow profile, whereas in the 30/255 and 30/765 branches, n increased, indicating a less shear-dependent profile. The 25/510 center-point series showed an intermediate, non-monotonic pattern. Cross-model descriptors showed the same branch-wise contrast through changes in the modeled apparent-viscosity span between low- and high-shear states. Visible-region descriptors suggested increased turbidity in the 20 g/100 g edge branches and smaller or negative changes in the 25/510 center point and the 30 g/100 g edge branches. Deep-UV descriptors were non-monotonic and often temporally decoupled from the visible response. Exploratory PCA, PLS, and multiblock PLS indicated that visible descriptors were more associated with consistency and apparent viscosity, whereas the UV block added information related to n when combined with design variables. Because optical measurements were not independently replicated and the chemometric models were not externally validated, these models are interpreted as proof-of-concept comparisons rather than final predictive calibrations. Overall, the results support the use of dual-window UV-Vis descriptors together with apparent rheological modeling to describe branch-specific responses of gum Arabic dispersions to ultrasound.