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<p>Gentisic acid (GNA), a naturally occurring phenolic compound present in fruits and medicinal plants, is widely recognized for its therapeutic properties and relevance in food quality assessment. Its precise quantification is considered essential for food quality assurance and nutraceutical development. In this work, a highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor was developed based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) synthesized using 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) and immobilized on a graphite electrode (4-VP@G-MIP). The developed sensor was electrochemically characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The structural and morphological features of the sensor were verified by FTIR, SEM, and UV-Vis analyses. The 4-VP@G-MIP sensor was optimized under a 0.1&#xa0;M phosphate buffer solution at pH 10 and exhibited a wide linear detection range (0.01–100 µM) with an exceptionally low detection limit (LOD) of 40.5 nM and a quantification limit (LOQ) of 135. The imprinting factor (IF) and charge-transfer resistance (R<sub>CT</sub>) studies confirmed the high selectivity of the sensor toward GNA. Real-sample analysis in fruit extracts demonstrated that the DPV results were in good agreement with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thereby underscoring the analytical reliability of the sensor. A statistical evaluation using a <i>t</i>-test performed at a 95% confidence level and recovery values ranging from 99.50% to 99.99% confirmed the accuracy and reliability of the method. The sensor also exhibited excellent repeatability, reproducibility, and stability with relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 1.46%, 1.54%, and 5.36%, respectively, indicating its suitability for practical food and pharmaceutical analysis.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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A novel MIP sensor for the sensitive and selective detection of gentisic acid in fruit matrices

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • Sumani Mukherjee,
  • Sourav Manna,
  • Santanu Ghorai,
  • Don Biswas,
  • Rajib Bandyopadhyay,
  • Bipan Tudu

摘要

Gentisic acid (GNA), a naturally occurring phenolic compound present in fruits and medicinal plants, is widely recognized for its therapeutic properties and relevance in food quality assessment. Its precise quantification is considered essential for food quality assurance and nutraceutical development. In this work, a highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor was developed based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) synthesized using 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) and immobilized on a graphite electrode (4-VP@G-MIP). The developed sensor was electrochemically characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The structural and morphological features of the sensor were verified by FTIR, SEM, and UV-Vis analyses. The 4-VP@G-MIP sensor was optimized under a 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution at pH 10 and exhibited a wide linear detection range (0.01–100 µM) with an exceptionally low detection limit (LOD) of 40.5 nM and a quantification limit (LOQ) of 135. The imprinting factor (IF) and charge-transfer resistance (RCT) studies confirmed the high selectivity of the sensor toward GNA. Real-sample analysis in fruit extracts demonstrated that the DPV results were in good agreement with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thereby underscoring the analytical reliability of the sensor. A statistical evaluation using a t-test performed at a 95% confidence level and recovery values ranging from 99.50% to 99.99% confirmed the accuracy and reliability of the method. The sensor also exhibited excellent repeatability, reproducibility, and stability with relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 1.46%, 1.54%, and 5.36%, respectively, indicating its suitability for practical food and pharmaceutical analysis.

Graphical abstract