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<p>Tea polyphenols (TPs) are excellent antimicrobials and antioxidants that are widely used for the preservation of aquatic food products, but their instability limits their bioavailability. Chitosan hydrochloride (CHC) and cold-water fish gelatin (CFG) were combined layer-by-layer (LbL; /) or co-blended (+) with TP nanoemulsions (TPNE) incorporated, aiming to improve TPs’ efficacy in preservation. The tensile strengths of CFG/CHC (58.2&#xa0;MPa) and CFG/[CHC-TPNE] (35.3&#xa0;MPa) were higher than those of CFG+CHC (11.9&#xa0;MPa) and CFG+[CHC-TPNE] (9.75&#xa0;MPa) owing to the stronger intermolecular interactions. Stronger electrostatic interactions existed in LbL assembly composite films, revealed by larger FTIR shifts (CFG/CHC: 1518&#xa0;cm<sup>−</sup>¹) and a greater peak of CFG/CHC at 2θ ≈ 20° (X-ray diffraction) compared to CFG+CHC. The oil phase in TPNE could migrate to the surface, which increased the film roughness and water contact angle (from 92° for CFG/CHC to 114° for CFG/[CHC-TPNE]) and decreased water vapor permeability (from 1.68 × 10<sup>−</sup>¹² CFG/CHC to 0.68 × 10<sup>−</sup>¹² gm<sup>−</sup>¹Pa<sup>−</sup>¹s<sup>−</sup>¹ CFG/[CHC-TPNE]). The oxidation resistance (from 26.3% CFG/CHC to 68.4% CFG/[CHC-TPNE]) was improved by the addition of TPNE. The development of CFG/[CHC-TPNE] films provides an innovative approach to expanding the functional application of tea polyphenols in aquatic product preservation.</p>

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Influence of tea polyphenol nanoemulsions on chitosan hydrochloride and cold-water fish gelatin film assembly: Layer-by-layer and co-blended

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Nan Sun,
  • Min Chen,
  • Shuangling Zhang,
  • Xiaohui Wang,
  • Junpeng Li,
  • Shujie Yang,
  • Dongxiao Ma,
  • Yuxuan Sun

摘要

Tea polyphenols (TPs) are excellent antimicrobials and antioxidants that are widely used for the preservation of aquatic food products, but their instability limits their bioavailability. Chitosan hydrochloride (CHC) and cold-water fish gelatin (CFG) were combined layer-by-layer (LbL; /) or co-blended (+) with TP nanoemulsions (TPNE) incorporated, aiming to improve TPs’ efficacy in preservation. The tensile strengths of CFG/CHC (58.2 MPa) and CFG/[CHC-TPNE] (35.3 MPa) were higher than those of CFG+CHC (11.9 MPa) and CFG+[CHC-TPNE] (9.75 MPa) owing to the stronger intermolecular interactions. Stronger electrostatic interactions existed in LbL assembly composite films, revealed by larger FTIR shifts (CFG/CHC: 1518 cm−¹) and a greater peak of CFG/CHC at 2θ ≈ 20° (X-ray diffraction) compared to CFG+CHC. The oil phase in TPNE could migrate to the surface, which increased the film roughness and water contact angle (from 92° for CFG/CHC to 114° for CFG/[CHC-TPNE]) and decreased water vapor permeability (from 1.68 × 10−¹² CFG/CHC to 0.68 × 10−¹² gm−¹Pa−¹s−¹ CFG/[CHC-TPNE]). The oxidation resistance (from 26.3% CFG/CHC to 68.4% CFG/[CHC-TPNE]) was improved by the addition of TPNE. The development of CFG/[CHC-TPNE] films provides an innovative approach to expanding the functional application of tea polyphenols in aquatic product preservation.