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<p>This study evaluates the effect of various extraction methods on the phytochemical and antioxidants content of three species of licorice that are <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i>,<i> Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i>,<i> and Glycyrrhiza triphylla</i>. Different extraction methods such as ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) for 30, 45, and 60&#xa0;min, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for 1, 1.5 and 2&#xa0;min, maceration (MC) for 24&#xa0;h, and Soxhlet extraction (SE) for 6&#xa0;h were used. All these extraction methods were used under their typical operating conditions that’s why results for each extraction method are different. UAE for 45&#xa0;min showed the phenolic content in <i>G. glabra</i> (162.19&#xa0;mg GAE/g) while MC exhibited the phenolic content in <i>G. triphylla</i> (26.07&#xa0;mg GAE/g). Similarly, flavonoids content in <i>G. glabra</i> was the highest among all the specie extracts by UAE for 45&#xa0;min with 80.45&#xa0;µg CE/mL. Furthermore UAE 60&#xa0;min showed <i>G. glabra</i> had the maximum scavenging activity for 1,1-diphenyl 1-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), while UAE (45 and 60&#xa0;min) had the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power value for <i>G. glabra</i>. All the extraction methods exhibited the different phenolic and flavonoid contents in the <i>G. glabra</i>,<i> G. uralensis</i>,<i> and G. triphylla</i>. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis established that UAE for 45&#xa0;min and MAE for 1&#xa0;min were efficient in retaining bioactive components such as: glabridin, glycyrrhizin, and liquiritin in all the species of licorice. This indicates that UAE and MAE under their applied conditions cause maximum yield of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidants from licorice species while the HPLC recovery of bioactive component also varied.</p>

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Assessing the impact of extraction techniques on antioxidant and bioactive properties of licorice species

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Ieaman Fatima,
  • Amna Sahar,
  • Rana Muhammad Aadil,
  • Bilal Aslam

摘要

This study evaluates the effect of various extraction methods on the phytochemical and antioxidants content of three species of licorice that are Glycyrrhiza glabra, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Glycyrrhiza triphylla. Different extraction methods such as ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) for 30, 45, and 60 min, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for 1, 1.5 and 2 min, maceration (MC) for 24 h, and Soxhlet extraction (SE) for 6 h were used. All these extraction methods were used under their typical operating conditions that’s why results for each extraction method are different. UAE for 45 min showed the phenolic content in G. glabra (162.19 mg GAE/g) while MC exhibited the phenolic content in G. triphylla (26.07 mg GAE/g). Similarly, flavonoids content in G. glabra was the highest among all the specie extracts by UAE for 45 min with 80.45 µg CE/mL. Furthermore UAE 60 min showed G. glabra had the maximum scavenging activity for 1,1-diphenyl 1-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), while UAE (45 and 60 min) had the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power value for G. glabra. All the extraction methods exhibited the different phenolic and flavonoid contents in the G. glabra, G. uralensis, and G. triphylla. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis established that UAE for 45 min and MAE for 1 min were efficient in retaining bioactive components such as: glabridin, glycyrrhizin, and liquiritin in all the species of licorice. This indicates that UAE and MAE under their applied conditions cause maximum yield of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidants from licorice species while the HPLC recovery of bioactive component also varied.