<p>Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is a medicinal and edible plant whose quality is strongly influenced by geographical origin. To provide a practical and more comprehensive origin-authentication workflow than single-modality approaches, this study developed a tri-modal analytical platform integrating digital colorimetry (standardized RGB imaging under controlled conditions), an electronic nose (E-nose) odor fingerprint, and UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS phytochemical profiling, combined with chemometric analysis. Fifteen batches from five geographical origins (<i>n</i> = 3 independent batches per origin) were analyzed. The complementary RGB and E-nose fingerprints enabled rapid screening of origin-related differences: Qinghai (QH) samples showed higher blue-channel intensity together with the strongest overall odor response, whereas Anhui (AH) samples exhibited the weakest odor profile; Henan (HN) samples presented relatively higher red and green-channel intensities. UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS profiling yielded 39 putatively annotated metabolites detected across the sampled origins, and lupeol emerged as a putative candidate marker feature contributing to geographical differentiation. Correlation analysis suggested that environmental variables were associated with differences in abundance patterns of major compound classes, including saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Given the modest batch number per origin, supervised results should be interpreted cautiously, and broader sampling and targeted quantification are warranted in future work. Collectively, this work provides a measurement-oriented multi-method framework for fenugreek geographical traceability, where rapid phenotypic/odor screening can be coupled with LC–MS-based chemical confirmation for potentially routine quality control.</p>