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<p>The rapid perishability of foods such as meat, seafood, dairy, and fresh horticultural produce continues to drive global concerns around food safety, waste, and supply chain sustainability. Biopolymer-based edible coatings have emerged as sustainable alternatives to conventional packaging, providing not only physical barriers but also intelligent functionalities. This review critically examines recent advances in biopolymer coatings engineered for dual roles: active preservation through barrier enhancement, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and controlled-release mechanisms, and real-time spoilage detection via pH-sensitive dyes, anthocyanins, curcumin, enzyme-based probes, and volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors. Emphasis is placed on the incorporation of nanofillers such as nanocellulose, graphene oxide, ZnO, Ag, and TiO₂, which synergistically improve oxygen and moisture barrier properties while imparting antimicrobial and UV-shielding effects. Applications across diverse food matrices demonstrate measurable shelf-life extension (e.g., poultry from 4 to 12 days), highlighting translational potential. The review also identifies critical limitations, including analyte selectivity, coating stability, and regulatory acceptance, and discusses emerging strategies such as electrospun nanofibers, bigel matrices, and multi-modal sensing platforms. By mapping current progress against industrial scalability, this work underscores the promise of multifunctional biopolymer coatings as next-generation intelligent packaging systems to simultaneously enhance food safety, reduce waste, and support global sustainability goals.</p>

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Biopolymer-based edible coatings with integrated spoilage sensing and shelf-life extension functions: a review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月21日

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  • Lovepreet Singh,
  • Md. Dipu Malitha,
  • Jashanveer Kaur,
  • Shivani Jaswal,
  • Sonakshi Mishra,
  • Shweta Sharma

摘要

The rapid perishability of foods such as meat, seafood, dairy, and fresh horticultural produce continues to drive global concerns around food safety, waste, and supply chain sustainability. Biopolymer-based edible coatings have emerged as sustainable alternatives to conventional packaging, providing not only physical barriers but also intelligent functionalities. This review critically examines recent advances in biopolymer coatings engineered for dual roles: active preservation through barrier enhancement, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and controlled-release mechanisms, and real-time spoilage detection via pH-sensitive dyes, anthocyanins, curcumin, enzyme-based probes, and volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors. Emphasis is placed on the incorporation of nanofillers such as nanocellulose, graphene oxide, ZnO, Ag, and TiO₂, which synergistically improve oxygen and moisture barrier properties while imparting antimicrobial and UV-shielding effects. Applications across diverse food matrices demonstrate measurable shelf-life extension (e.g., poultry from 4 to 12 days), highlighting translational potential. The review also identifies critical limitations, including analyte selectivity, coating stability, and regulatory acceptance, and discusses emerging strategies such as electrospun nanofibers, bigel matrices, and multi-modal sensing platforms. By mapping current progress against industrial scalability, this work underscores the promise of multifunctional biopolymer coatings as next-generation intelligent packaging systems to simultaneously enhance food safety, reduce waste, and support global sustainability goals.