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<p>Apples are highly perishable and face serious postharvest challenges such as moisture loss, microbial spoilage, oxidative degradation, physiological disorders, and ethylene-induced ripening, all of which accelerate quality deterioration and economic losses. Conventional preservation methods often fall short, highlighting the need for sustainable, consumer-friendly alternatives. This review critically examines edible coatings as a strategy to mitigate postharvest losses in apples, highlighting bio-based materials (polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids), functional enhancements with antioxidants, antimicrobials, and nanomaterials, and key application techniques such as dipping, spraying, and brushing. The discussion is organized around coating mechanisms, performance factors (adhesion, thickness, uniformity), and evaluation parameters including weight loss, firmness, colour stability, microbial safety, and sensory attributes. Edible coatings represent a promising strategy for shelf-life extension and quality preservation, with added potential for intelligent packaging applications, although limitations in consumer perception, regulatory frameworks, cost-effectiveness, and scalability persist. Future research should priorities novel multifunctional formulations, improved application technologies, and integration with other preservation methods to enable successful commercialization.</p>

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A comprehensive review on edible coatings as a sustainable approach to mitigate postharvest challenges in apples: mechanisms, innovations, and shelf-life enhancement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月14日

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  • Chahat Thakur,
  • Manisha Kaushal,
  • Devina Vaidya,
  • Anil Kumar Verma,
  • Anil Gupta,
  • Ruchi Sharma

摘要

Apples are highly perishable and face serious postharvest challenges such as moisture loss, microbial spoilage, oxidative degradation, physiological disorders, and ethylene-induced ripening, all of which accelerate quality deterioration and economic losses. Conventional preservation methods often fall short, highlighting the need for sustainable, consumer-friendly alternatives. This review critically examines edible coatings as a strategy to mitigate postharvest losses in apples, highlighting bio-based materials (polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids), functional enhancements with antioxidants, antimicrobials, and nanomaterials, and key application techniques such as dipping, spraying, and brushing. The discussion is organized around coating mechanisms, performance factors (adhesion, thickness, uniformity), and evaluation parameters including weight loss, firmness, colour stability, microbial safety, and sensory attributes. Edible coatings represent a promising strategy for shelf-life extension and quality preservation, with added potential for intelligent packaging applications, although limitations in consumer perception, regulatory frameworks, cost-effectiveness, and scalability persist. Future research should priorities novel multifunctional formulations, improved application technologies, and integration with other preservation methods to enable successful commercialization.