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<p>This study aimed to compare the impact of three organic extractants-methanol (MeOH), petroleum ether (PE), and n-hexane (n-Hex)-on volatile components (VOCs) in the flavedo peel extract of citrus (FPE) from five different varieties. The predominant VOCs in FPE were d-limonene, myrcene, β-pinene, α-pinene, γ-terpinene, and sabinene. Notably, MeOH extract had higher level content and types of VOCs than other solvents, and terpenes were the dominant components of MeOH extract, accounting for 95.86% -98.83%. Furthermore, this research evaluated both antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the MeOH extract and their correlation. The results indicated that β-pinene demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity among all tested compounds and achieved a nearly 90% scavenging rate for DPPH free radicals, followed by α-pinene. The most potent antibacterial effect was observed in <i>C.Su’s</i> MeOH extract, which exhibited inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of 12.16&#xa0;mm and 14.47&#xa0;mm against <i>E.coli</i> and <i>S.aureus</i>, respectively. In contrast, IZD exceeding 15&#xa0;mm were noted against <i>P.italicum</i>, <i>P. digitatum</i>, and <i>G.candidum</i>. Specifically, β-pinene demonstrated the pronounced inhibitory effect on microorganisms, Gompertze quation could effectively simulate the antibacterial effects of different concentrations of <i>C.Su</i> MeOH extract and β-pinene on different bacteria, with an R<sup>2</sup> greater than 0.97, indicating reliable results. Additionally, it was determined that primary VOCs (d-limonene and myrcene) with in various FPE significantly influenced antioxidant and antibacterial activities (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>

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Assessment of the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of major volatile components in the flavedo peel extract of citrus

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月13日

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  • Ya-qin Huang,
  • Yu-Xin Tan,
  • Yuka Watanabe,
  • Ming-xi Liao,
  • Qing-ming Li,
  • Keyao Wang,
  • Yi Zhou

摘要

This study aimed to compare the impact of three organic extractants-methanol (MeOH), petroleum ether (PE), and n-hexane (n-Hex)-on volatile components (VOCs) in the flavedo peel extract of citrus (FPE) from five different varieties. The predominant VOCs in FPE were d-limonene, myrcene, β-pinene, α-pinene, γ-terpinene, and sabinene. Notably, MeOH extract had higher level content and types of VOCs than other solvents, and terpenes were the dominant components of MeOH extract, accounting for 95.86% -98.83%. Furthermore, this research evaluated both antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the MeOH extract and their correlation. The results indicated that β-pinene demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity among all tested compounds and achieved a nearly 90% scavenging rate for DPPH free radicals, followed by α-pinene. The most potent antibacterial effect was observed in C.Su’s MeOH extract, which exhibited inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of 12.16 mm and 14.47 mm against E.coli and S.aureus, respectively. In contrast, IZD exceeding 15 mm were noted against P.italicum, P. digitatum, and G.candidum. Specifically, β-pinene demonstrated the pronounced inhibitory effect on microorganisms, Gompertze quation could effectively simulate the antibacterial effects of different concentrations of C.Su MeOH extract and β-pinene on different bacteria, with an R2 greater than 0.97, indicating reliable results. Additionally, it was determined that primary VOCs (d-limonene and myrcene) with in various FPE significantly influenced antioxidant and antibacterial activities (p < 0.05).