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<p>Ferulic acid exists in nature mainly in the bound state in plant cell walls and is found in grains, fruits, vegetables, and Chinese herb.FA has a wide range of biological activities. However, the low stability and water solubility of FA limit its bioavailability. This has led to the encapsulation of FA to improve its bioavailability. This study prepared the binary polysaccharide-based carrier β-cyclodextrin/debranched rice starch (β-CD/DRS) by ultrasonic self-assembly. The particle size of β-CD/DRS was 107.23 ± 2.14&#xa0;nm with a PDI index of 0.311 ± 0.075, which is affected by ultrasound time. The ternary inclusion complex of FA@β-cyclodextrin/debranched starch (FA@β-CD/DRS) was synthesized by the co-deposition method; the encapsulation and loading rate of FA were 89.32 ± 2.53% and 7.48 ± 0.54%, respectively. The structures of the ternary inclusions were analyzed by SEM, FT-IR, XRD, and DSC. The β-CD/DRS assembled using different ultrasound times modulated the FA@β-CD/DRS properties after deposition. The results showed that the inclusion compound was 1.22 times more photostable and 1.44 times more thermostable than FA. In the simulated gastrointestinal tract, the optimal in vitro release kinetics model was a first-order kinetic model, which was affected by pH. At pH 8.0, the cumulative release of ferulic acid was higher. The inclusion complex can continuously release ferulic acid, achieving a sustained-release effect, and its solubility in water is 3.9&#xa0;mg/mL, which is approximately six times that of ferulic acid. In summary, the use of binary polysaccharide-based vector encapsulation can provide a more efficient method for the stabilization and delivery of phenolic acids.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Influence of ultrasound treatment time on the loading capacity, solubility, stability and in vitro release of ferulic acid @β-CD modified debranched rice starch inclusion complexes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月21日

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  • Linlin Chen,
  • Xiao Yu,
  • Wei Li,
  • Haipeng Zhang,
  • Sicong Zhang,
  • Jiaying Xin,
  • Na Zhang

摘要

Ferulic acid exists in nature mainly in the bound state in plant cell walls and is found in grains, fruits, vegetables, and Chinese herb.FA has a wide range of biological activities. However, the low stability and water solubility of FA limit its bioavailability. This has led to the encapsulation of FA to improve its bioavailability. This study prepared the binary polysaccharide-based carrier β-cyclodextrin/debranched rice starch (β-CD/DRS) by ultrasonic self-assembly. The particle size of β-CD/DRS was 107.23 ± 2.14 nm with a PDI index of 0.311 ± 0.075, which is affected by ultrasound time. The ternary inclusion complex of FA@β-cyclodextrin/debranched starch (FA@β-CD/DRS) was synthesized by the co-deposition method; the encapsulation and loading rate of FA were 89.32 ± 2.53% and 7.48 ± 0.54%, respectively. The structures of the ternary inclusions were analyzed by SEM, FT-IR, XRD, and DSC. The β-CD/DRS assembled using different ultrasound times modulated the FA@β-CD/DRS properties after deposition. The results showed that the inclusion compound was 1.22 times more photostable and 1.44 times more thermostable than FA. In the simulated gastrointestinal tract, the optimal in vitro release kinetics model was a first-order kinetic model, which was affected by pH. At pH 8.0, the cumulative release of ferulic acid was higher. The inclusion complex can continuously release ferulic acid, achieving a sustained-release effect, and its solubility in water is 3.9 mg/mL, which is approximately six times that of ferulic acid. In summary, the use of binary polysaccharide-based vector encapsulation can provide a more efficient method for the stabilization and delivery of phenolic acids.

Graphical Abstract