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<p>The rapid expansion of longan production generates large quantities of heterogeneous residues that are often discarded or used for low-value purposes. These byproducts are rich in bioactive polyphenols with potential health-promoting activities, offering opportunities for sustainable valorization. Conventional extraction methods present several drawbacks, whereas ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) provides a green, efficient alternative. This study aimed to optimize UAE conditions for polyphenol recovery from longan processing residues using a Box–Behnken design with temperature, ultrasonic amplitude, and ethanol concentration as independent variables; also, physicochemical properties of the residues were evaluated. The proximate composition of the residue from UAE-extract revealed high crude fiber (36.86%), moderate protein levels (6.33%), and low water activity (0.459), as well as relatively similar color properties (L*, a*, and b*). The response surface methodology identified optimal conditions of approximately 63 ℃, 40% ethanol, and 70% amplitude, which significantly enhanced total phenolic and flavonoid contents 62.55&#xa0;mg GAE/mL, 4.56&#xa0;mg CE/mL, respectively, and antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP) (85.81&#xa0;mg AAE/mL, 97.08, and 71.19&#xa0;mg TE/mL). HPLC profile confirmed the high content of major phenolic compounds, including ellagic acid, epicatechin, corilagin, and procyanidin A2, at 925.92, 157.85, 78.51, and 123.22&#xa0;µg/mL, respectively, all of which were dramatically higher in the aqueous solvent-based optimized extract. These findings demonstrate that tuning ultrasound parameters and solvent polarity enables the sustainable extraction of bioactive polyphenols from longan heterogeneous waste, providing a potential viable strategy for transforming agro-industrial waste into functional ingredients for food and nutraceutical applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Optimization and characterization of ultrasound-assisted extraction for bioactive phenolics from longan processing residues

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月23日

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  • Idris Kaida Zubairu,
  • Noppol Leksawasdi,
  • Sutee Wangtueai,
  • Pinpanit Boonchuay,
  • Su Lwin Htike,
  • Fei Lao,
  • Xin Jia,
  • Juan Manuel Castagnini,
  • Yuthana Phimolsiripol

摘要

The rapid expansion of longan production generates large quantities of heterogeneous residues that are often discarded or used for low-value purposes. These byproducts are rich in bioactive polyphenols with potential health-promoting activities, offering opportunities for sustainable valorization. Conventional extraction methods present several drawbacks, whereas ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) provides a green, efficient alternative. This study aimed to optimize UAE conditions for polyphenol recovery from longan processing residues using a Box–Behnken design with temperature, ultrasonic amplitude, and ethanol concentration as independent variables; also, physicochemical properties of the residues were evaluated. The proximate composition of the residue from UAE-extract revealed high crude fiber (36.86%), moderate protein levels (6.33%), and low water activity (0.459), as well as relatively similar color properties (L*, a*, and b*). The response surface methodology identified optimal conditions of approximately 63 ℃, 40% ethanol, and 70% amplitude, which significantly enhanced total phenolic and flavonoid contents 62.55 mg GAE/mL, 4.56 mg CE/mL, respectively, and antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP) (85.81 mg AAE/mL, 97.08, and 71.19 mg TE/mL). HPLC profile confirmed the high content of major phenolic compounds, including ellagic acid, epicatechin, corilagin, and procyanidin A2, at 925.92, 157.85, 78.51, and 123.22 µg/mL, respectively, all of which were dramatically higher in the aqueous solvent-based optimized extract. These findings demonstrate that tuning ultrasound parameters and solvent polarity enables the sustainable extraction of bioactive polyphenols from longan heterogeneous waste, providing a potential viable strategy for transforming agro-industrial waste into functional ingredients for food and nutraceutical applications.

Graphical abstract