<p>Fourteen distinct colored Indian sweet potato cultivars were screened for bioactive compounds associated with antioxidant and antidiabetic properties in the current study using rapid in vitro assays. The purple cultivar Bhu Krishna demonstrated significantly higher total soluble phenolics linked to DPPH and ABTS-based antioxidant activity and anti-hyperglycemic functionalities associated with alpha-amylase and glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activities, followed by orange and white fleshed sweet potato cultivars. Lower IC₅₀ values were observed in Bhu Krishna, followed by the orange cultivars Bhu Sona and Sree Kanaka, in both aqueous (AQ) and 12% ethanol (ET) extracts. Phenolic compounds such as catechin and gallic acid were detected in both AQ and ET extracts across fourteen cultivars, while ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid were primarily found in the ET extracts of a few cultivars. Significant variation (70.68%) among the 14 sweet potato cultivars was noted in DPPH antioxidant activity, alpha-amylase (undiluted) and glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity (diluted to half-strength), and gallic acid content. This study on phenolic-linked antioxidants and antidiabetic effects revealed that these nutritionally dense, coloured sweet potato cultivars are outstanding dietary sources suitable for use into functional food development.</p>