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<p>This study established a general six-dimensional molecular analysis toolkit (6D MAT) (version 2.0) to comprehensively collect the molecular information of feedstock, extract liquor, and purified extracts derived from <i>Litsea cubeba</i> fruit (LCF), and to connect this data with the activity evaluation results to achieve a structure–activity relationship closed loop. Specifically, we established a streamlined and cost-effective ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based molecular analysis platform that integrates UV and RID detectors, avoiding dependence on mass spectrometry while ensuring simultaneous qualitative and quantitative identification 17 phenolic and 12 non-phenolic compounds​ (including 3 monosaccharide, 1 sugar acid, 5 alcohols, and 3 organic acids) and achieving high sensitivity (LODs: 0.02–0.89&#xa0;μg/mL) and linearity (R2 &gt; 0.997). Principal findings reveal that dried LCF contains exceptionally high extractables (56.55 wt%), with ethanol extraction yielding near-complete efficiency (99.94%) compared to water (64.28%). Notably, water extracts exhibited significantly higher total phenolic content (55.37% vs. 35.33% in ethanolic extracts) and superior bioactivities, including potent antioxidant capacity (DPPH· IC<sub>50</sub>: 0.619&#xa0;mg/mL; ABTS<sup>•+</sup> IC<sub>50</sub>: 0.420&#xa0;mg/mL) and α-amylase inhibition (6.59% at 9.39&#xa0;mg/mL). Molecular analysis traced phenolic antioxidants to lignin-derived macromolecules, validating our “molecular traceability” approach.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Phenolic profiling of extracts from dried Litsea cubeba fruits: UHPLC/HPLC-based molecular analysis with antioxidant and antidiabetic evaluation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Ruoyu Du,
  • Mei Ye,
  • Chong Jin,
  • Na Li,
  • Dianwen Qi,
  • Haotian Zhang,
  • Xuecheng Liu,
  • Jinhang Dai,
  • Zhongyi Yin

摘要

This study established a general six-dimensional molecular analysis toolkit (6D MAT) (version 2.0) to comprehensively collect the molecular information of feedstock, extract liquor, and purified extracts derived from Litsea cubeba fruit (LCF), and to connect this data with the activity evaluation results to achieve a structure–activity relationship closed loop. Specifically, we established a streamlined and cost-effective ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based molecular analysis platform that integrates UV and RID detectors, avoiding dependence on mass spectrometry while ensuring simultaneous qualitative and quantitative identification 17 phenolic and 12 non-phenolic compounds​ (including 3 monosaccharide, 1 sugar acid, 5 alcohols, and 3 organic acids) and achieving high sensitivity (LODs: 0.02–0.89 μg/mL) and linearity (R2 > 0.997). Principal findings reveal that dried LCF contains exceptionally high extractables (56.55 wt%), with ethanol extraction yielding near-complete efficiency (99.94%) compared to water (64.28%). Notably, water extracts exhibited significantly higher total phenolic content (55.37% vs. 35.33% in ethanolic extracts) and superior bioactivities, including potent antioxidant capacity (DPPH· IC50: 0.619 mg/mL; ABTS•+ IC50: 0.420 mg/mL) and α-amylase inhibition (6.59% at 9.39 mg/mL). Molecular analysis traced phenolic antioxidants to lignin-derived macromolecules, validating our “molecular traceability” approach.

Graphical Abstract