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<p>Rice serves as the primary staple food for nearly half of the global population. Among the various types, pigmented rice is considered nutritionally superior to white rice, as it contains higher levels of antioxidants, phenolic compounds, and vital nutrients that contribute to better health and disease prevention. This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of five indigenous rice varieties, including pigmented, aromatic, and non-aromatic varieties collected from different parts of Sikkim, India, with a special emphasis on the metabolite profile of the pigmented rice of Sikkim, which remains largely unexplored. We assessed grain quality parameters, biochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, mineral content, and ultrastructural features examined through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in a multifaceted approach. Advanced metabolomic profiling was performed using High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Quadrupole Time-of-Flight mass analyzer (HR-LCMS QTOF) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify secondary metabolites and volatile compounds specific to each variety. Our results showed pigmented varieties possessed higher levels of micronutrient content and antioxidant potential, while aromatic varieties have a distinct volatile profile associated with 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline.SEM analysis revealed clear structural differences in the pericarp and endosperm among the rice varieties. Metabolites detected include Cyanidin-3-glucoside, Peonidin-3-glucoside, Kaempferol, Quercitrin, Ferulic acid, Caffeic acid, Catechin, Oryzanol A, Oleic acid, Linoleic acid by HR-LCMS and GC-MS. The integration of traditional knowledge with advanced analytical techniques sheds light on the nutritional, functional, and commercial potential of Sikkim’s indigenous rice germplasm. This study emphasizes the need to preserve geographically distinct rice biodiversity and use its potential to develop better nutritional breeding lines.</p>

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A comparative and integrative approach to nutritional and metabolite profiling of traditional rice varieties of Sikkim

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月13日

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  • Sona Limboo,
  • Sumiran Dewan,
  • Aparna Sarker,
  • Shukdeb Sarkar,
  • Nishat Tamanna,
  • Subhas Chandra Roy

摘要

Rice serves as the primary staple food for nearly half of the global population. Among the various types, pigmented rice is considered nutritionally superior to white rice, as it contains higher levels of antioxidants, phenolic compounds, and vital nutrients that contribute to better health and disease prevention. This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of five indigenous rice varieties, including pigmented, aromatic, and non-aromatic varieties collected from different parts of Sikkim, India, with a special emphasis on the metabolite profile of the pigmented rice of Sikkim, which remains largely unexplored. We assessed grain quality parameters, biochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, mineral content, and ultrastructural features examined through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in a multifaceted approach. Advanced metabolomic profiling was performed using High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Quadrupole Time-of-Flight mass analyzer (HR-LCMS QTOF) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify secondary metabolites and volatile compounds specific to each variety. Our results showed pigmented varieties possessed higher levels of micronutrient content and antioxidant potential, while aromatic varieties have a distinct volatile profile associated with 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline.SEM analysis revealed clear structural differences in the pericarp and endosperm among the rice varieties. Metabolites detected include Cyanidin-3-glucoside, Peonidin-3-glucoside, Kaempferol, Quercitrin, Ferulic acid, Caffeic acid, Catechin, Oryzanol A, Oleic acid, Linoleic acid by HR-LCMS and GC-MS. The integration of traditional knowledge with advanced analytical techniques sheds light on the nutritional, functional, and commercial potential of Sikkim’s indigenous rice germplasm. This study emphasizes the need to preserve geographically distinct rice biodiversity and use its potential to develop better nutritional breeding lines.