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<p>This research aimed to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for extracting phytochemicals from <i>Bauhinia variegata</i> buds and to assess their bioactive properties. A Taguchi orthogonal array design was used to examine the effects of ultrasonic power, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio, and pH on UAE. The optimized conditions (300&#xa0;W, 45&#xa0;min, 1:20 ratio, pH 3.5) significantly enhanced the yields of total phenolic content (57.32&#xa0;mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (36.08&#xa0;mg QE/g), and total monomeric anthocyanins (8.42&#xa0;mg CGE/g), along with antioxidant activities (DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP; 24.77 and 19.88&#xa0;mg TE/g, respectively), compared with the traditional shaking water bath extraction (total phenolics: 29.97&#xa0;mg GAE/g) and microwave-assisted extraction (total phenolics: 33.78&#xa0;mg GAE/g). GC-MS analysis of the optimized extract identified a wide range of bioactive compounds, including 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (26.49%), hexadecenoic acid (5.69%), ascorbic acid (5.47%), and γ-tocopherol (4.8%). HPLC analysis further quantified key phenolic compounds, with p-coumaric acid (378.26 ppm), quercetin (362.48 ppm), and gallic acid + 4-aminobenzoic acid (362.33 ppm) being the most abundant. These compounds supported the strong antioxidant activity of the extracts. UAE showed clear benefits in terms of shorter extraction times, less solvent usage, and gentle processing environments. This study demonstrated the potential of UAE as an effective extraction method and offered insights into the phytochemical characterisation of <i>B. variegata</i> bud extracts. The bioactive potential of these extracts suggests promising applications in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals, thereby contributing to the valorization of this underutilized resource.</p>

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Green extraction of bioactive compounds from Bauhinia variegata floral buds: optimizing ultrasound-microwave-assisted techniques for maximum yield

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月3日

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  • Gagan Dip,
  • Poonam Aggarwal,
  • Aakriti Kapoor,
  • Sumit Grover

摘要

This research aimed to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for extracting phytochemicals from Bauhinia variegata buds and to assess their bioactive properties. A Taguchi orthogonal array design was used to examine the effects of ultrasonic power, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio, and pH on UAE. The optimized conditions (300 W, 45 min, 1:20 ratio, pH 3.5) significantly enhanced the yields of total phenolic content (57.32 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (36.08 mg QE/g), and total monomeric anthocyanins (8.42 mg CGE/g), along with antioxidant activities (DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP; 24.77 and 19.88 mg TE/g, respectively), compared with the traditional shaking water bath extraction (total phenolics: 29.97 mg GAE/g) and microwave-assisted extraction (total phenolics: 33.78 mg GAE/g). GC-MS analysis of the optimized extract identified a wide range of bioactive compounds, including 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (26.49%), hexadecenoic acid (5.69%), ascorbic acid (5.47%), and γ-tocopherol (4.8%). HPLC analysis further quantified key phenolic compounds, with p-coumaric acid (378.26 ppm), quercetin (362.48 ppm), and gallic acid + 4-aminobenzoic acid (362.33 ppm) being the most abundant. These compounds supported the strong antioxidant activity of the extracts. UAE showed clear benefits in terms of shorter extraction times, less solvent usage, and gentle processing environments. This study demonstrated the potential of UAE as an effective extraction method and offered insights into the phytochemical characterisation of B. variegata bud extracts. The bioactive potential of these extracts suggests promising applications in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals, thereby contributing to the valorization of this underutilized resource.