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<p>Starch is a naturally occurring polysaccharide available in multifarious sources. The lotus seed has greater potential to complement the requirements of industries that produce modified, functional, and high-value starches. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of varying levels of heat moisture treatment (HMT) and dual modifications (HMT and esterification) on the structural and physicochemical properties of lotus seed starch granules (LSS). Higher moisture levels (35%) and concentration of citric acid (40%) significantly increased the resistant starch content. Compared to native starch, the resistant starch (RS) and amylose content of HMT35 and HMT35 + CA40 starch was effectively risen from 21.27 to 45.87% and 49.18%, and from 23.49 to 35.76% and 39.86%, respectively. The particle size (806.2 to 1400&#xa0;nm) of starches increased with the inclusion of modification due to the infiltration of water into the granules. However, concavity was seen with insignificant surface erosion. The native and modified starches exhibited A-type crystallinity with degrees of crystallinity ranging from 23.40 to 22.20%. The thermal parameters (T<sub>0</sub>, T<sub>p</sub> and T<sub>c</sub>) and solubility were increased sharply in all modified starches compared to controls. The results of the in vitro starch digestibility test indicate that HMT35 + CA40 starch exhibits a reduced rate of hydrolysis (33.36%) and a lower glycemic index (57.97). Compared to single modification, dual modification resulted in enhanced functionalities of LSS. From these findings, the application of modified LSS would benefit the food and industrial sectors.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Effect of physical modifications on physicochemical, structural, functional and glycaemic properties of lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera) starch

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月3日

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  • Kutagulla Tarakanath,
  • Ranganathan Kumar,
  • Venugopal Vasudevan,
  • Johnsy George,
  • Suresh Kumar Paramasivam

摘要

Starch is a naturally occurring polysaccharide available in multifarious sources. The lotus seed has greater potential to complement the requirements of industries that produce modified, functional, and high-value starches. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of varying levels of heat moisture treatment (HMT) and dual modifications (HMT and esterification) on the structural and physicochemical properties of lotus seed starch granules (LSS). Higher moisture levels (35%) and concentration of citric acid (40%) significantly increased the resistant starch content. Compared to native starch, the resistant starch (RS) and amylose content of HMT35 and HMT35 + CA40 starch was effectively risen from 21.27 to 45.87% and 49.18%, and from 23.49 to 35.76% and 39.86%, respectively. The particle size (806.2 to 1400 nm) of starches increased with the inclusion of modification due to the infiltration of water into the granules. However, concavity was seen with insignificant surface erosion. The native and modified starches exhibited A-type crystallinity with degrees of crystallinity ranging from 23.40 to 22.20%. The thermal parameters (T0, Tp and Tc) and solubility were increased sharply in all modified starches compared to controls. The results of the in vitro starch digestibility test indicate that HMT35 + CA40 starch exhibits a reduced rate of hydrolysis (33.36%) and a lower glycemic index (57.97). Compared to single modification, dual modification resulted in enhanced functionalities of LSS. From these findings, the application of modified LSS would benefit the food and industrial sectors.

Graphical abstract