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<p>Polysaccharides are bioactive macromolecules with immense potential for promoting health and preventing chronic diseases. This study optimized the green and rapid extraction of <i>Centella asiatica</i> leaves polysaccharides (CALP), a functional ingredient derived from a plant widely consumed as food in the form of fresh vegetables in Southeast Asia. Novel microwave-assisted extraction approach with citric acid monohydrate (CAM) was employed to enhance yield. Using Box-Behnken design (BBD), the highest polysaccharide yield (13.84%) was achieved under optimal conditions: microwave power (40%), extraction time (4&#xa0;min), sample-to-buffer ratio (1.00:21.50&#xa0;g/mL), and CAM molarity (0.22&#xa0;M). The extracted CALP was characterized as a low molecular weight polysaccharide (21.87&#xa0;kDa) with a low degree of esterification (28.72%) and excellent water- and oil-holding capacities (4.50&#xa0;g/g and 0.80&#xa0;g/g, respectively). CALP exhibited weak acidity (pH 4.53) with total carbohydrate content (16.09%) and low levels of protein (0.15%) and total phenolics (0.11%), indicating its purity. Bioactivity assays confirmed its strong antioxidative properties, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging (33.00%) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) reducing capacity (1.51 mM FeSO<sub>4</sub>), along with potent antidiabetic effects (α-amylase inhibition: 86.47%). These findings demonstrate the efficacy of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is an efficient technique for extracting high-value CALP and supports its potential application in nutraceuticals aimed at mitigating oxidative stress and managing diabetes.</p>

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Microwave-assisted extraction of Asiatic Pennywort (Centella Asiatica (L.) Urb.) leaves polysaccharides: yield optimization, characterization, in vitro antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月28日

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  • Abu Hurairah Darwisy Alias,
  • Alya Najwa Subli,
  • Idanawati Naharudin,
  • Tin-Wui Wong,
  • Abdul Haadi Abdul Manap,
  • Muhammad Hakimin Shafie

摘要

Polysaccharides are bioactive macromolecules with immense potential for promoting health and preventing chronic diseases. This study optimized the green and rapid extraction of Centella asiatica leaves polysaccharides (CALP), a functional ingredient derived from a plant widely consumed as food in the form of fresh vegetables in Southeast Asia. Novel microwave-assisted extraction approach with citric acid monohydrate (CAM) was employed to enhance yield. Using Box-Behnken design (BBD), the highest polysaccharide yield (13.84%) was achieved under optimal conditions: microwave power (40%), extraction time (4 min), sample-to-buffer ratio (1.00:21.50 g/mL), and CAM molarity (0.22 M). The extracted CALP was characterized as a low molecular weight polysaccharide (21.87 kDa) with a low degree of esterification (28.72%) and excellent water- and oil-holding capacities (4.50 g/g and 0.80 g/g, respectively). CALP exhibited weak acidity (pH 4.53) with total carbohydrate content (16.09%) and low levels of protein (0.15%) and total phenolics (0.11%), indicating its purity. Bioactivity assays confirmed its strong antioxidative properties, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging (33.00%) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) reducing capacity (1.51 mM FeSO4), along with potent antidiabetic effects (α-amylase inhibition: 86.47%). These findings demonstrate the efficacy of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is an efficient technique for extracting high-value CALP and supports its potential application in nutraceuticals aimed at mitigating oxidative stress and managing diabetes.