Fabrication of sweet lime (Citrus limetta) peel extract loaded multilayered liposomes: characterization, structural stability, and in vitro digestion analysis
摘要
Bioactive compounds occurring in nature are sensitive to external conditions; hence, it is necessary to entrap them into delivery systems, such as liposomes. Using the Mozafari method, the phenolic extracts from the sweet lime peel (SP) were encapsulated. Zeta (ζ) potential, polydispersity index (PDI), and encapsulation efficiency (EE) were determined for three liposomal formulations: SP-L, Ch-SP-L (with 0.1-1% w/v chitosan), and P-Ch-SP-L (with 0.1-1% w/v pectin). The size of SP-L increased due to the biopolymer coatings, confirming the deposition of chitosan (0.25%) and pectin (0.5%) on the SP-L surface. The coatings caused a notable rise in EE, from 77.4% in SP-L to 82.1% in Ch-SP-L and 89.5% in P-Ch-SP-L. Because of the strong barrier provided by the P-Ch layer compared to chitosan alone, P-Ch-SP-L displayed better pH, ionic, and storage stability (85% and 74% at 4 and 25 ℃, respectively). Moreover, P-Ch-SP-L also showed high stability at the end of the stimulated intestinal digestion phase, with a low release rate (20.4%) compared to Ch-SP-L (32%) and SP-L (70.4%). Therefore, P-Ch could be deemed a promising coating for generating stable liposomes for the effective delivery of bioactive compounds.
Graphical abstract