Mineral composition and bioactive components of three popular edible forest mushrooms (Cantharellus cibarius fries, Cyclocybe aegerita (V.Brig.) Vizzini and agaricus arvensis Schaeff)
摘要
Three commonly consumed edible forest mushrooms—Cantharellus cibarius Fries, Cyclocybe aegerita (V.Brig.) Vizzini, and Agaricus arvensis Schaeff—were evaluated for their nutritional elements and bioactive components due to their palatability. These edible forest mushrooms have received less attention from researchers, and the present study is an initial exploration in this field. The components examined include macrominerals (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus), trace elements (manganese, iron, copper, zinc, selenium, molybdenum, and cobalt), toxic heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, and mercury), and nonessential elements (barium, nickel, vanadium, aluminum, lithium, antimony, strontium, titanium, bismuth, and zirconium). The percentages of antioxidant and bioactive compounds (ascorbic acid, tannins, ergosterol, astaxanthin, phenols, flavonoids, terpenes, triterpenes, polysaccharides, and alkaloids) were also compared. The results revealed that these three mushrooms contain significant amounts of mineral elements. Notably C. cibarius had high amounts of iron, zinc, and manganese (126.04, 40.38, and 5.95 mg/100 g dry weight, respectively). Molybdenum, cobalt, mercury, and antimony were not detected in these three mushrooms. The antioxidant activity of A. arvensis was 81.54%, while in C. aegerita it was 44.52%, and in C. cibarius it was 58%. In terms of bioactive components, all three mushrooms are valuable, but it seems that C. aegerita and C. cibarius are superior to A. arvensis. The nutrient elements and beneficial medicinal compounds found in these three mushrooms, along with the longstanding interest of local people, emphasize the need for researchers to increase efforts towards domestication and the establishment of research and commercial farms.