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<p>Red yeast rice (RYR), a food supplement, is recognized for its diverse biological activities. Fermented polysaccharides often demonstrate immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of a polysaccharide derived from RYR. Refined RYR polysaccharide (MP-1) was obtained via alcohol precipitation, deproteinisation and processing through DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-50 columns. MP-1 has an average molecular weight of 11,694 Da. It is composed of mannose, glucose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 9.790:1.000:6.076. The obtained polysaccharides consist of pyranose rings containing both α and β glycosidic bonds. Functional assays demonstrated that MP-1 exhibits immunomodulatory properties by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) while enhancing the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). Additionally, MP-1 effectively polarized lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced M1 macrophages toward an M2 phenotype, a process mediated by the mannose receptor (MR). These findings will offer new insights into the application of RYR polysaccharides.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Purification, characterization, and immunomodulatory properties of red yeast rice polysaccharides

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月24日

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  • Yulin Wang,
  • Mengting Bai,
  • Zhaolei Peng,
  • Chunyan Cai,
  • Jingjing Xi,
  • Sanjun Shi,
  • Xiaofang Li,
  • Jia Luo

摘要

Red yeast rice (RYR), a food supplement, is recognized for its diverse biological activities. Fermented polysaccharides often demonstrate immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of a polysaccharide derived from RYR. Refined RYR polysaccharide (MP-1) was obtained via alcohol precipitation, deproteinisation and processing through DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-50 columns. MP-1 has an average molecular weight of 11,694 Da. It is composed of mannose, glucose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 9.790:1.000:6.076. The obtained polysaccharides consist of pyranose rings containing both α and β glycosidic bonds. Functional assays demonstrated that MP-1 exhibits immunomodulatory properties by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) while enhancing the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). Additionally, MP-1 effectively polarized lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced M1 macrophages toward an M2 phenotype, a process mediated by the mannose receptor (MR). These findings will offer new insights into the application of RYR polysaccharides.

Graphical abstract