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<p>Cognitive impairments in comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA) show an additive effect, but the neurophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. This study explored the links between brain dynamic functional activity, gut microbiota (GM), and cognitive changes in COMISA patients. Twenty-five COMISA patients and 22 healthy controls (HCs) underwent fMRI scanning and cognitive function assessments. Dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo) differences between groups were compared, followed by dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) analysis using regions with abnormal dReHo as seed points. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Correlations between dReHo, dFC, cognitive function, and GM were explored. The dReHo value of the right lingual gyrus was reduced in the COMISA group (<i>P</i>&lt;0.05), and the dFC value between the right lingual gyrus and the left lingual gyrus and posterior cingulate gyrus was decreased in COMISA (<i>P</i>&lt;0.05). Compared to HCs, GM status was altered in COMISA patients Correlation analysis showed that dReHo in the right lingual gyrus was positively correlated with MoCA scale scores. The relative abundance of <i>Bacteroides</i> was correlated with the indicators of abnormal brain dynamic function. Specific alterations in brain function and GM composition were identified in COMISA patients. The lingual gyrus and <i>Bacteroides</i> may serve as potential targets for early diagnosis and treatment.</p>

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Gut microbiota-cognitive function interactions in patients with comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA): a study on brain dynamic specificity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Huiyu Chen,
  • Hui Li,
  • Jiawei Guo,
  • Liping Pan,
  • Shishun Fu,
  • Guihua Jiang,
  • Meng Li

摘要

Cognitive impairments in comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA) show an additive effect, but the neurophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. This study explored the links between brain dynamic functional activity, gut microbiota (GM), and cognitive changes in COMISA patients. Twenty-five COMISA patients and 22 healthy controls (HCs) underwent fMRI scanning and cognitive function assessments. Dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo) differences between groups were compared, followed by dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) analysis using regions with abnormal dReHo as seed points. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Correlations between dReHo, dFC, cognitive function, and GM were explored. The dReHo value of the right lingual gyrus was reduced in the COMISA group (P<0.05), and the dFC value between the right lingual gyrus and the left lingual gyrus and posterior cingulate gyrus was decreased in COMISA (P<0.05). Compared to HCs, GM status was altered in COMISA patients Correlation analysis showed that dReHo in the right lingual gyrus was positively correlated with MoCA scale scores. The relative abundance of Bacteroides was correlated with the indicators of abnormal brain dynamic function. Specific alterations in brain function and GM composition were identified in COMISA patients. The lingual gyrus and Bacteroides may serve as potential targets for early diagnosis and treatment.