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<p>With a&#xa0;focus on shoulder and elbow surgery, this article examines how digitalisation is influencing the healthcare system and, in particular, surgical training. Digital technologies offer theoretical forms of learning (self-directed content, structured online curricula) as well as practical training opportunities (virtual reality [VR], augmented reality [AR], haptic simulators). The advantages include location- and time-independent learning, standardised knowledge transfer, objective performance assessments and, potentially, improved skills. The challenges lie in high costs, maintenance requirements, unequal access, a&#xa0;lack of guidelines and limited evidence due to heterogeneous studies. AR shows mixed evidence in anatomical learning; VR supports arthroscopic skills and reduces surgery times; haptic simulators improve performance but are rarely available in shoulder and elbow surgery. Defined learning objectives, standardised evaluation methods, curricular integration and further research are necessary to implement digital formats effectively and evidence-based in continuing education.</p>

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Rolle der Digitalisierung und Simulation in der Weiterbildung der Schulter- und Ellenbogenchirurgie

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月20日

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  • Yasmin Youssef,
  • Tobias Gruber,
  • Kim Klepka,
  • Bilal Farouk El-Zayat,
  • Robert Hudek

摘要

With a focus on shoulder and elbow surgery, this article examines how digitalisation is influencing the healthcare system and, in particular, surgical training. Digital technologies offer theoretical forms of learning (self-directed content, structured online curricula) as well as practical training opportunities (virtual reality [VR], augmented reality [AR], haptic simulators). The advantages include location- and time-independent learning, standardised knowledge transfer, objective performance assessments and, potentially, improved skills. The challenges lie in high costs, maintenance requirements, unequal access, a lack of guidelines and limited evidence due to heterogeneous studies. AR shows mixed evidence in anatomical learning; VR supports arthroscopic skills and reduces surgery times; haptic simulators improve performance but are rarely available in shoulder and elbow surgery. Defined learning objectives, standardised evaluation methods, curricular integration and further research are necessary to implement digital formats effectively and evidence-based in continuing education.