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<p>Boreal forests play a pivotal role in the global carbon balance and climate change mitigation. Understanding their carbon exchange dynamics is essential for advancing knowledge of forest carbon cycling. However, studies addressing multi-scale carbon flux variability and its drivers in China’s boreal forests remain limited. This study analyzed five years (2019–2023) of growing-season eddy covariance data from a <i>Larix gmelinii</i> forest in the Greater Khingan Mountains to elucidate seasonal and interannual variations in carbon fluxes and their driving mechanisms. On average, the growing season net ecosystem carbon exchange (<i>NEE</i>), gross primary productivity (<i>GPP</i>), and ecosystem respiration (<i>R</i><i>e</i>) were − 376.99 ± 44.24, 856.15 ± 37.99 and 479.16 ± 51.46&#xa0;g&#xa0;m<sup>−2</sup>, respectively, indicating that the forest consistently functioned as a moderate carbon sink. At seasonal variations, <i>NEE</i> exhibited a “U”-shaped pattern, predominantly driven by <i>GPP</i>. Path analysis showed that photosynthetically active radiation (<i>PAR</i>) mainly influenced seasonal variations of <i>NEE</i>, leaf area index (<i>LAI</i>) was the key factor for <i>GPP</i> seasonal variations, while vapor pressure deficit (<i>VPD</i>) limited both <i>NEE</i> and <i>GPP</i> variations. <i>R</i><i>e</i> was primarily influenced by soil temperature (<i>T</i><sub><i>s</i></sub>). In contrast, interannual <i>NEE</i> variations were relatively stable and predominantly controlled by <i>R</i><i>e</i>, with higher <i>PAR</i> and fewer precipitation days enhancing carbon sequestration. These findings demonstrate the divergent controls of environmental and biological factors across timescales. Long-term monitoring of boreal forest carbon dynamics is critical for predicting their carbon sink potential under future climate warming and improving global carbon cycle models.</p>

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Growing season carbon exchange and driving mechanism in a boreal larch forest of China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月15日

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  • Shuo Zhang,
  • Peng Hu,
  • Minglei Gao,
  • Zhipeng Xu,
  • Tijiu Cai

摘要

Boreal forests play a pivotal role in the global carbon balance and climate change mitigation. Understanding their carbon exchange dynamics is essential for advancing knowledge of forest carbon cycling. However, studies addressing multi-scale carbon flux variability and its drivers in China’s boreal forests remain limited. This study analyzed five years (2019–2023) of growing-season eddy covariance data from a Larix gmelinii forest in the Greater Khingan Mountains to elucidate seasonal and interannual variations in carbon fluxes and their driving mechanisms. On average, the growing season net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE), gross primary productivity (GPP), and ecosystem respiration (Re) were − 376.99 ± 44.24, 856.15 ± 37.99 and 479.16 ± 51.46 g m−2, respectively, indicating that the forest consistently functioned as a moderate carbon sink. At seasonal variations, NEE exhibited a “U”-shaped pattern, predominantly driven by GPP. Path analysis showed that photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) mainly influenced seasonal variations of NEE, leaf area index (LAI) was the key factor for GPP seasonal variations, while vapor pressure deficit (VPD) limited both NEE and GPP variations. Re was primarily influenced by soil temperature (Ts). In contrast, interannual NEE variations were relatively stable and predominantly controlled by Re, with higher PAR and fewer precipitation days enhancing carbon sequestration. These findings demonstrate the divergent controls of environmental and biological factors across timescales. Long-term monitoring of boreal forest carbon dynamics is critical for predicting their carbon sink potential under future climate warming and improving global carbon cycle models.