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<p>To mitigate shaft wall damage induced by ore unloading impact in high ore passes of deep mines, the ore motion process is analyzed and governing equations for trajectory and impact velocity are derived. Based on elastoplastic contact mechanics, a theoretical model for impact-induced damage is established, and a mathematical expression for the total shaft wall damage amount (<i>W</i><sub>s</sub>) is formulated. The effects of key structural parameters, including the ore pass dip angle (<i>β</i>), height (<i>H</i>), inclined chute dip angle (<i>α</i>), height (<i>H</i><sub>2</sub>), shaft diameter (<i>Φ</i>), and ore discharge height (<i>H</i><sub>1</sub>), on <i>W</i><sub>s</sub> are quantified. Using <i>W</i><sub>s</sub> = 0 as the objective, structural optimization is performed to eliminate shaft wall damage at the source. Numerical simulations and field validation are conducted for a high ore pass in a deep mine in Guangdong Province, China. Results show that <i>α</i> and <i>β</i> exert the most significant influence on <i>W</i><sub>s</sub>, followed by <i>Φ</i>; <i>H</i> has a moderate effect, whereas <i>H</i><sub>1</sub> and <i>H</i><sub>2</sub> are less influential. By reducing <i>α</i> to 45° or increasing it to 85°, reducing <i>β</i> to 50° or increasing it to 89°, controlling <i>Φ</i> to within 1 m or increasing it to more than 5 m, reducing <i>H</i> to approximately 40 m, increasing <i>H</i><sub>1</sub> above 5 m, and increasing <i>H</i><sub>2</sub> beyond 8 m, <i>W</i><sub>s</sub> can be reduced to zero. Under these conditions, impact contact between ore and the shaft wall is eliminated, thereby fundamentally removing the damage mechanism. Field application indicates that the optimized ore pass operates continuously for up to one year without shaft wall spalling or instability. Compared with the original structure, the optimized design significantly reduced impact-related damage risk and subsequent maintenance demand. The proposed approach provides a quantifiable theoretical basis and practical engineering methodology for structural design and source-level prevention of shaft wall damage in high ore passes.</p>

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Ore Impact-Induced Shaft Wall Damage and Prevention Method in High Ore Passes of Deep Mines

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Haoyu Ji,
  • Shanshan Ouyang,
  • Guangnan Xu,
  • Xinglong Guo,
  • Qi Zeng,
  • Xia Yin

摘要

To mitigate shaft wall damage induced by ore unloading impact in high ore passes of deep mines, the ore motion process is analyzed and governing equations for trajectory and impact velocity are derived. Based on elastoplastic contact mechanics, a theoretical model for impact-induced damage is established, and a mathematical expression for the total shaft wall damage amount (Ws) is formulated. The effects of key structural parameters, including the ore pass dip angle (β), height (H), inclined chute dip angle (α), height (H2), shaft diameter (Φ), and ore discharge height (H1), on Ws are quantified. Using Ws = 0 as the objective, structural optimization is performed to eliminate shaft wall damage at the source. Numerical simulations and field validation are conducted for a high ore pass in a deep mine in Guangdong Province, China. Results show that α and β exert the most significant influence on Ws, followed by Φ; H has a moderate effect, whereas H1 and H2 are less influential. By reducing α to 45° or increasing it to 85°, reducing β to 50° or increasing it to 89°, controlling Φ to within 1 m or increasing it to more than 5 m, reducing H to approximately 40 m, increasing H1 above 5 m, and increasing H2 beyond 8 m, Ws can be reduced to zero. Under these conditions, impact contact between ore and the shaft wall is eliminated, thereby fundamentally removing the damage mechanism. Field application indicates that the optimized ore pass operates continuously for up to one year without shaft wall spalling or instability. Compared with the original structure, the optimized design significantly reduced impact-related damage risk and subsequent maintenance demand. The proposed approach provides a quantifiable theoretical basis and practical engineering methodology for structural design and source-level prevention of shaft wall damage in high ore passes.