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<p>316L stainless steel is widely used in functional coatings due to its excellent corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and processability.&#xa0;Transition metal carbide/nitride ceramics can further enhance these coatings owing to their superior mechanical properties.&#xa0;In this study, laser directed energy deposition was employed to fabricate five ceramic-reinforced 316L composite coatings.&#xa0;Microstructural and property analyses revealed that multi-element ceramic addition refined grain structure, induced lattice distortion, and promoted Nb/Mo-rich Laves phase precipitation.&#xa0;With 10% ceramic addition, coating hardness increased by 40% while wear volume decreased by 33.7%, alongside significantly improved corrosion resistance.&#xa0;These strengthening effects originate from the synergistic effect of solid solution strengthening, grain refinement, and second-phase strengthening, presenting a promising strategy for high-performance stainless steel coatings.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Microstructure and Properties of Multi-Element Ceramic-Reinforced 316L Stainless Steel Composite Coatings by Laser Directed Energy Deposition

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Huakai Mao,
  • Long Huang,
  • Tongxin Wang,
  • Chang Cui,
  • Senao Gao,
  • Nian Liu,
  • Mengzhao Li,
  • Guodong Zhang

摘要

316L stainless steel is widely used in functional coatings due to its excellent corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and processability. Transition metal carbide/nitride ceramics can further enhance these coatings owing to their superior mechanical properties. In this study, laser directed energy deposition was employed to fabricate five ceramic-reinforced 316L composite coatings. Microstructural and property analyses revealed that multi-element ceramic addition refined grain structure, induced lattice distortion, and promoted Nb/Mo-rich Laves phase precipitation. With 10% ceramic addition, coating hardness increased by 40% while wear volume decreased by 33.7%, alongside significantly improved corrosion resistance. These strengthening effects originate from the synergistic effect of solid solution strengthening, grain refinement, and second-phase strengthening, presenting a promising strategy for high-performance stainless steel coatings.

Graphical Abstract