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<p>Wear-induced failure represents the predominant degradation mechanism in brake disks. Laser cladding technology provides a rapid and environmentally sustainable approach to enhance wear resistance. In this study, extreme-high-speed laser cladding (EHLA) was employed to fabricate a 316L steel matrix composite coating containing 16% TiC (comprising a 316L transition layer and a wear-resistant layer of 316L steel reinforced with 16&#xa0;wt.% TiC particles) on gray cast iron (GCI) brake disks. The microstructure and mechanical properties were systematically characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Vickers microhardness testing, and pin-on-disk tribometry. Phase analysis confirmed the predominant presence of TiC carbides and γ-Fe in the coating. Microhardness measurements revealed a 1.41-fold enhancement in the wear-resistant layer (318.2 <i>HV</i><sub><i>0.3</i></sub>) compared to the substrate (225.6 <i>HV</i><sub><i>0.3</i></sub>). Tribological evaluations under room temperature (RT) and elevated (300&#xa0;°C) temperatures demonstrated distinct friction behavior: The substrate exhibited a friction coefficient (COF) increase from 0.282 to 0.498 (1.77-fold rise) with temperature elevation, while the coating showed a more moderate COF increase from 0.241 to 0.331 (1.37-fold rise), demonstrating superior thermal stability. Wear mass loss measurements further confirmed the coating's enhanced performance: At RT, the substrate and coating exhibited mass losses of 3.6&#xa0;mg and 2&#xa0;mg, respectively, while at 300&#xa0;°C, these values increased to 9.6 and 6&#xa0;mg. In both temperature conditions, the coating demonstrated 44.4-37.5% lower wear mass loss than the substrate. These results conclusively validate the coating's exceptional wear resistance and temperature-adaptive performance.</p>

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Microstructure and Tribological Behavior of Extreme-High-Speed Laser-Cladded TiC Coatings on Gray Cast Iron Brake Disks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月19日

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  • Haibo Zhang,
  • Xingyu Ma,
  • Wang Tao

摘要

Wear-induced failure represents the predominant degradation mechanism in brake disks. Laser cladding technology provides a rapid and environmentally sustainable approach to enhance wear resistance. In this study, extreme-high-speed laser cladding (EHLA) was employed to fabricate a 316L steel matrix composite coating containing 16% TiC (comprising a 316L transition layer and a wear-resistant layer of 316L steel reinforced with 16 wt.% TiC particles) on gray cast iron (GCI) brake disks. The microstructure and mechanical properties were systematically characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Vickers microhardness testing, and pin-on-disk tribometry. Phase analysis confirmed the predominant presence of TiC carbides and γ-Fe in the coating. Microhardness measurements revealed a 1.41-fold enhancement in the wear-resistant layer (318.2 HV0.3) compared to the substrate (225.6 HV0.3). Tribological evaluations under room temperature (RT) and elevated (300 °C) temperatures demonstrated distinct friction behavior: The substrate exhibited a friction coefficient (COF) increase from 0.282 to 0.498 (1.77-fold rise) with temperature elevation, while the coating showed a more moderate COF increase from 0.241 to 0.331 (1.37-fold rise), demonstrating superior thermal stability. Wear mass loss measurements further confirmed the coating's enhanced performance: At RT, the substrate and coating exhibited mass losses of 3.6 mg and 2 mg, respectively, while at 300 °C, these values increased to 9.6 and 6 mg. In both temperature conditions, the coating demonstrated 44.4-37.5% lower wear mass loss than the substrate. These results conclusively validate the coating's exceptional wear resistance and temperature-adaptive performance.