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<p>This study systematically investigates the high-temperature oxidation behavior and electrochemical pickling characteristics of 65Mn steel, aiming to optimize surface quality control during industrial processing. The research integrates thermogravimetric experiments, thermodynamic calculations, microstructural characterization, and electrochemical analysis. Oxidation kinetics experiments conducted between 600 and 1200&#xa0;℃ revealed that the oxidation process follows a parabolic rate law. The calculated oxidation activation energy was determined to be 249.6&#xa0;kJ&#xa0;mol<sup>−1</sup>. Thermodynamic analysis using Thermo-Calc software elucidated the phase stability in the Fe-O system, confirming that FeO is the predominant and stable phase above 570&#xa0;℃, while it decomposes into Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and <i>α</i>-Fe below this eutectoid temperature. Calculations of Gibbs free energy and equilibrium oxygen partial pressure further demonstrated that the formation of FeO is thermodynamically most favorable at high temperatures, which governs the layered structure of the oxide scale. Based on the kinetic data, predictive models for both isothermal and non-isothermal oxidation were established to forecast the weight gain and thickness evolution of the oxide scale. Furthermore, the pickling behavior was quantitatively analyzed. Electrochemical measurements identified the pickling endpoint at 361&#xa0;s, and 3D morphology observations combined with XRD phase analysis revealed the sequential removal of oxide layers: the outer Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and intermediate Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> layers are gradually dissolved, exposing the Fe substrate. The skewness (Ssk) of surface topography increased with pickling time, indicating enhanced surface unevenness as the oxide scale was removed.</p>

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Study on the Formation Mechanism and Pickling Behavior of Iron Oxide Scale on 65Mn Steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Mingshan Zhang,
  • Zhihui Liu,
  • Zhiqiang Yao,
  • Baoguo Nian,
  • Huige Gu,
  • Jinying Song,
  • Yingli Wei,
  • Liansheng Chen,
  • Yaqiang Tian

摘要

This study systematically investigates the high-temperature oxidation behavior and electrochemical pickling characteristics of 65Mn steel, aiming to optimize surface quality control during industrial processing. The research integrates thermogravimetric experiments, thermodynamic calculations, microstructural characterization, and electrochemical analysis. Oxidation kinetics experiments conducted between 600 and 1200 ℃ revealed that the oxidation process follows a parabolic rate law. The calculated oxidation activation energy was determined to be 249.6 kJ mol−1. Thermodynamic analysis using Thermo-Calc software elucidated the phase stability in the Fe-O system, confirming that FeO is the predominant and stable phase above 570 ℃, while it decomposes into Fe3O4 and α-Fe below this eutectoid temperature. Calculations of Gibbs free energy and equilibrium oxygen partial pressure further demonstrated that the formation of FeO is thermodynamically most favorable at high temperatures, which governs the layered structure of the oxide scale. Based on the kinetic data, predictive models for both isothermal and non-isothermal oxidation were established to forecast the weight gain and thickness evolution of the oxide scale. Furthermore, the pickling behavior was quantitatively analyzed. Electrochemical measurements identified the pickling endpoint at 361 s, and 3D morphology observations combined with XRD phase analysis revealed the sequential removal of oxide layers: the outer Fe2O3 and intermediate Fe3O4 layers are gradually dissolved, exposing the Fe substrate. The skewness (Ssk) of surface topography increased with pickling time, indicating enhanced surface unevenness as the oxide scale was removed.