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<p>CoCrFeNiAl/WC composite coatings containing 0, 30, 50, and 70&#xa0;wt.%&#xa0;WC were fabricated on 316L stainless steel by laser cladding to clarify how WC content affects phase constitution, microstructure, hardness, and sliding response. X-ray diffraction showed that all coatings were mainly composed of FCC and BCC/B<sub>2</sub> phases, while additional peaks assigned to residual WC, W<sub>2</sub>C, and M<sub>6</sub>C-type carbides appeared after WC addition. SEM and EDS results indicated that increasing WC content promoted the formation of WC-related reinforcement-containing regions and stronger local microstructural heterogeneity. The hardness increased from 537.30 ± 21.65&#xa0;HV for 0&#xa0;WC to a maximum of 931.14 ± 16.96&#xa0;HV at 50&#xa0;WC, then decreased to 823.02 ± 6.60&#xa0;HV at 70&#xa0;WC. In contrast, the 30&#xa0;WC coating exhibited the lowest average coefficient of friction, the lowest specific wear rate, and the lowest mass loss, together with a comparatively smoother worn surface. The 50 and 70&#xa0;WC coatings showed more evident local spalling- and delamination-related features. Supplementary numerical simulation further suggested stronger local equivalent von Mises stress concentration at higher WC contents. These results show that the WC content required to maximize hardness does not coincide with that yielding the most favorable sliding response.</p>

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Decoupled Hardness and Sliding Optima in Laser-Cladded CoCrFeNiAl/WC Composite Coatings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Yuzhen Yu,
  • Shijie Wang,
  • Linzhen Zhou,
  • Hai Zhou,
  • Huiyun Hong

摘要

CoCrFeNiAl/WC composite coatings containing 0, 30, 50, and 70 wt.% WC were fabricated on 316L stainless steel by laser cladding to clarify how WC content affects phase constitution, microstructure, hardness, and sliding response. X-ray diffraction showed that all coatings were mainly composed of FCC and BCC/B2 phases, while additional peaks assigned to residual WC, W2C, and M6C-type carbides appeared after WC addition. SEM and EDS results indicated that increasing WC content promoted the formation of WC-related reinforcement-containing regions and stronger local microstructural heterogeneity. The hardness increased from 537.30 ± 21.65 HV for 0 WC to a maximum of 931.14 ± 16.96 HV at 50 WC, then decreased to 823.02 ± 6.60 HV at 70 WC. In contrast, the 30 WC coating exhibited the lowest average coefficient of friction, the lowest specific wear rate, and the lowest mass loss, together with a comparatively smoother worn surface. The 50 and 70 WC coatings showed more evident local spalling- and delamination-related features. Supplementary numerical simulation further suggested stronger local equivalent von Mises stress concentration at higher WC contents. These results show that the WC content required to maximize hardness does not coincide with that yielding the most favorable sliding response.