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<p>This study investigates in detail the effect of substituting a portion of tin with lead in an Al-40Sn (wt.%) alloy on its structural formation and consequent tribomechanical properties. Specimens were fabricated by sintering a mixture of elemental powders in a vacuum furnace at 620&#xa0;°C, followed by densification in a closed die at 250&#xa0;°C. The structural and phase composition of the resulting composites was thoroughly examined. Mechanical properties were determined via compression testing at a constant rate of 0.5&#xa0;mm/min. Tribological properties were evaluated by measuring the coefficient of friction and wear rate under dry friction against steel using a “pin-on-disk” configuration. Metallographic studies revealed significant changes in the Al-40Sn alloy structure upon the addition of lead. It was found that the alloy structure becomes finer with increasing lead content. It was established that the addition of up to 30% Pb leads to a significant improvement in its ductility. Meanwhile, strength and wear resistance exhibit non-linear behavior with increasing lead content. As the load increases to 5&#xa0;MPa, the wear rate of the composites increases while the coefficient of friction decreases. The primary wear mechanisms were identified as deformation–oxidative wear and fatigue wear.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Structure, Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of Al-Sn-Pb Composites Prepared by Liquid Phase Sintering

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • A. L. Skorentsev,
  • N. M. Rusin,
  • K. O. Akimov

摘要

This study investigates in detail the effect of substituting a portion of tin with lead in an Al-40Sn (wt.%) alloy on its structural formation and consequent tribomechanical properties. Specimens were fabricated by sintering a mixture of elemental powders in a vacuum furnace at 620 °C, followed by densification in a closed die at 250 °C. The structural and phase composition of the resulting composites was thoroughly examined. Mechanical properties were determined via compression testing at a constant rate of 0.5 mm/min. Tribological properties were evaluated by measuring the coefficient of friction and wear rate under dry friction against steel using a “pin-on-disk” configuration. Metallographic studies revealed significant changes in the Al-40Sn alloy structure upon the addition of lead. It was found that the alloy structure becomes finer with increasing lead content. It was established that the addition of up to 30% Pb leads to a significant improvement in its ductility. Meanwhile, strength and wear resistance exhibit non-linear behavior with increasing lead content. As the load increases to 5 MPa, the wear rate of the composites increases while the coefficient of friction decreases. The primary wear mechanisms were identified as deformation–oxidative wear and fatigue wear.

Graphical Abstract