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<p>The interface of titanium-steel clad plates often suffers from severe deterioration in bonding performance due to the formation of brittle Fe-Ti intermetallic compounds caused by metallurgical incompatibility. To address interfacial damage in explosion-bonded TA2/304 clad plates, a novel laser cladding repair strategy utilizing a pure copper transition interlayer was proposed. This study systematically investigates the thermo-mechanical behavior, interfacial microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties by coupling finite element (FE) simulations with experimental characterization. The results reveal that insufficient laser power during copper deposition causes lack-of-fusion and high residual tensile stress, leading to Cu/steel interfacial cracking. Similarly, inadequate heat input during titanium layer deposition results in porosity and unmelted powder. Conversely, excessive laser power for the Ti layer induces overburning of the Cu interlayer, triggering excessive elemental diffusion of Fe and Ti and the subsequent precipitation of brittle intermetallic phases, which act as crack initiation sites. By optimizing the laser parameters, a robust, dense, and defect-free metallurgical bond was achieved. The optimized interface demonstrated an outstanding interfacial shear strength of 270&#xa0;MPa with ductile fracture characteristics, significantly surpassing the standard minimum requirement of 196&#xa0;MPa. These findings elucidate the mechanisms of defect formation and provide critical technical guidance for the high-performance structural repair of multi-metal composite interfaces.</p>

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Microstructural Evolution and Interfacial Mechanical Properties in Laser Cladding Repair of Ti/Steel Clad Plates Using a Cu Interlayer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月26日

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  • Xingyu Ren,
  • Bojun Zhang,
  • Le Chang,
  • Tongze Su,
  • Cheng Ye

摘要

The interface of titanium-steel clad plates often suffers from severe deterioration in bonding performance due to the formation of brittle Fe-Ti intermetallic compounds caused by metallurgical incompatibility. To address interfacial damage in explosion-bonded TA2/304 clad plates, a novel laser cladding repair strategy utilizing a pure copper transition interlayer was proposed. This study systematically investigates the thermo-mechanical behavior, interfacial microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties by coupling finite element (FE) simulations with experimental characterization. The results reveal that insufficient laser power during copper deposition causes lack-of-fusion and high residual tensile stress, leading to Cu/steel interfacial cracking. Similarly, inadequate heat input during titanium layer deposition results in porosity and unmelted powder. Conversely, excessive laser power for the Ti layer induces overburning of the Cu interlayer, triggering excessive elemental diffusion of Fe and Ti and the subsequent precipitation of brittle intermetallic phases, which act as crack initiation sites. By optimizing the laser parameters, a robust, dense, and defect-free metallurgical bond was achieved. The optimized interface demonstrated an outstanding interfacial shear strength of 270 MPa with ductile fracture characteristics, significantly surpassing the standard minimum requirement of 196 MPa. These findings elucidate the mechanisms of defect formation and provide critical technical guidance for the high-performance structural repair of multi-metal composite interfaces.