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<p>To address the challenges of insufficient adhesion and unclear tribological mechanisms in CrWN hard coatings, this study deposited CrWN films with CrN interlayers and on 304 stainless steel via multi-arc ion plating, with the coating thickness controlled by varying the deposition time. The synergistic evolution of coating microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior was systematically investigated. Results demonstrate that the CrN interlayer significantly enhanced adhesion strength from 10 N to 34 N, effectively mitigating early delamination failures. Furthermore, extending deposition time increased coating thickness and optimized the W content gradient, thereby improving tribochemical adaptability. In reciprocating sliding tests (6&#xa0;mm diameter Al₂O₃ ball counterpart, normal load of 5 N, sliding speed of 0.2&#xa0;m/s, stroke length of 5&#xa0;mm, and duration of 2.5&#xa0;min), thicker coatings exhibited superior anti-wear performance, with the coefficient of friction decreasing from 0.35 to 0.20. Mechanical analysis indicates that this improvement is closely associated with a regenerative tribofilm composed of a hard Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phase and tribochemically formed non-stoichiometric tungsten oxides, likely including Magnéli lubrication phases. This work elucidates interlayer-toughening and thickness-enhanced lubricating strategy, providing a theoretical basis for designing high-performance CrN-based composite coatings.</p>

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Effects of Double-Layer Structure and Total Thickness on Tribological Properties of CrWN Coatings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Er-geng Zhang,
  • Qian Dong,
  • Qiong Zhou,
  • Dan-dan Liang,
  • Qiang Chen,
  • Biao Huang

摘要

To address the challenges of insufficient adhesion and unclear tribological mechanisms in CrWN hard coatings, this study deposited CrWN films with CrN interlayers and on 304 stainless steel via multi-arc ion plating, with the coating thickness controlled by varying the deposition time. The synergistic evolution of coating microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior was systematically investigated. Results demonstrate that the CrN interlayer significantly enhanced adhesion strength from 10 N to 34 N, effectively mitigating early delamination failures. Furthermore, extending deposition time increased coating thickness and optimized the W content gradient, thereby improving tribochemical adaptability. In reciprocating sliding tests (6 mm diameter Al₂O₃ ball counterpart, normal load of 5 N, sliding speed of 0.2 m/s, stroke length of 5 mm, and duration of 2.5 min), thicker coatings exhibited superior anti-wear performance, with the coefficient of friction decreasing from 0.35 to 0.20. Mechanical analysis indicates that this improvement is closely associated with a regenerative tribofilm composed of a hard Cr2O3 phase and tribochemically formed non-stoichiometric tungsten oxides, likely including Magnéli lubrication phases. This work elucidates interlayer-toughening and thickness-enhanced lubricating strategy, providing a theoretical basis for designing high-performance CrN-based composite coatings.