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<p>This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of geopolymer mortars produced using brick-tile and vitreous ceramic wastes, aiming to provide a sustainable alternative to conventional geopolymer precursors such as fly ash. Five different geopolymer mortar mixtures were produced by combining brick-tile (T) and vitreous sanitaryware (V) waste in proportions of 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100 by weight. The strength development of the mortars was monitored at 7, 28, and 90&#xa0;days. Phase development, microstructural evolution, and thermal behavior were analyzed through XRD, SEM/EDS, and heat treatment at 400&#xa0;°C-600&#xa0;°C-800&#xa0;°C. The 50&#xa0;T + 50&#xa0;V hybrid composition exhibited the most favorable performance, with the formation of crystalline phases such as anorthite, gehlenite, mullite, and diopside, contributing to improved mechanical strength and thermal stability. SEM analysis revealed dense gel structures and acicular or flower-like crystals that enhanced matrix integrity. EDS results confirmed that the elemental distribution corresponded with raw material composition, where Ca and Fe played critical roles in phase development. The findings confirm that brick-tile and sanitaryware waste can serve as effective precursors in geopolymer systems, providing a viable pathway for the valorization of ceramic industry waste. This approach contributes to economic principles by reducing reliance on raw materials and supporting sustainable construction practices.</p>

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Strength and Characterization of Geopolymer Mortars at Elevated Temperatures Incorporating Brick and Vitreous Ceramic Wastes as Sustainable Precursors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Zahide Bayer Öztürk,
  • İsmail İsa Atabey,
  • Serhat Çelikten

摘要

This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of geopolymer mortars produced using brick-tile and vitreous ceramic wastes, aiming to provide a sustainable alternative to conventional geopolymer precursors such as fly ash. Five different geopolymer mortar mixtures were produced by combining brick-tile (T) and vitreous sanitaryware (V) waste in proportions of 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100 by weight. The strength development of the mortars was monitored at 7, 28, and 90 days. Phase development, microstructural evolution, and thermal behavior were analyzed through XRD, SEM/EDS, and heat treatment at 400 °C-600 °C-800 °C. The 50 T + 50 V hybrid composition exhibited the most favorable performance, with the formation of crystalline phases such as anorthite, gehlenite, mullite, and diopside, contributing to improved mechanical strength and thermal stability. SEM analysis revealed dense gel structures and acicular or flower-like crystals that enhanced matrix integrity. EDS results confirmed that the elemental distribution corresponded with raw material composition, where Ca and Fe played critical roles in phase development. The findings confirm that brick-tile and sanitaryware waste can serve as effective precursors in geopolymer systems, providing a viable pathway for the valorization of ceramic industry waste. This approach contributes to economic principles by reducing reliance on raw materials and supporting sustainable construction practices.