<p>Additive Manufacturing (AM) with concrete has traditionally been developed for large-scale construction, leaving a research gap in small-scale 3D printing for prototyping and material testing. This research addresses this gap by developing a reliable AM system for producing moderately sized components with concrete-like properties. By modifying a desktop 3D printer to extrude a specialized cementitious mortar, this research created a device with a 50&#xa0;cc printing capacity and a formula that achieves a Young’s modulus of up to 933.63&#xa0;kgf/cm<sup>2</sup>. Microstructural characterization of the printed components was performed to validate the system. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed a dense, consolidated microstructure with a well-formed network of Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) gel, indicating successful hydration and robust interlayer bonding. Compositional analysis via Energy-Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed the material’s expected profile, identifying key hydration products like Portlandite (Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>), along with residual clinker and aggregate phases. These findings confirm that the system is a viable platform for small-scale cementitious AM, enabling rapid laboratory prototyping and low-material screening of cementitious formulations for printability, microstructure development, and mechanical performance. The miniaturized format reduces cost, material consumption, and setup complexity, supporting repeatable experimentation and iterative design before scale-up.</p>

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Development of a Desktop Additive Manufacturing Device for Cementitious Materials

  • Muhtadin Muhtadin,
  • Jung-Ting Tsai,
  • Mariano Ovelar López,
  • Cristhyan Ojeda Diaz,
  • Wei-Lun Zhang

摘要

Additive Manufacturing (AM) with concrete has traditionally been developed for large-scale construction, leaving a research gap in small-scale 3D printing for prototyping and material testing. This research addresses this gap by developing a reliable AM system for producing moderately sized components with concrete-like properties. By modifying a desktop 3D printer to extrude a specialized cementitious mortar, this research created a device with a 50 cc printing capacity and a formula that achieves a Young’s modulus of up to 933.63 kgf/cm2. Microstructural characterization of the printed components was performed to validate the system. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed a dense, consolidated microstructure with a well-formed network of Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) gel, indicating successful hydration and robust interlayer bonding. Compositional analysis via Energy-Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed the material’s expected profile, identifying key hydration products like Portlandite (Ca(OH)2), along with residual clinker and aggregate phases. These findings confirm that the system is a viable platform for small-scale cementitious AM, enabling rapid laboratory prototyping and low-material screening of cementitious formulations for printability, microstructure development, and mechanical performance. The miniaturized format reduces cost, material consumption, and setup complexity, supporting repeatable experimentation and iterative design before scale-up.